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Wk 9: Privacy, Security, and Freedom of Information SI 507: Information Policy Analysis and Design

Code of Fair Information Practices (1973) No secret record-keeping systems for personal data Right of self-discovery of records and their uses Right of consent for repurposing of data Right of correction or amendment of incorrect information Burden of accuracy, reliability, and reasonable precaution against misuse on part of collecting agency (nb: protections against misuse of data in the public sector)

OECD Privacy Guidelines (1980) ( Nine principles: Collection limitation Data quality Purpose specification Use limitation Security safeguards Openness Individual participation Accountability FIP + OECD: Transparency… ‘Travel’ & Reuse (contextual control…) Quality & Security… Minimalism…

Privacy in commercial online transactions: self-regulation E.g. W3C’s Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) Expresses individual site’s privacy policies in standardized machine-readable formats addressing: What information the site collects How this information is used (navigation, tracking, personalization, telemarketing, etc.) Who will use the information (current company or 3 rd party) Duration and transparency Criticisms: Poorly understood & weakly adopted (by businesses and users) Misleading – P3P label suggests protection (rather than a notice and choice system) Lack of oversight and enforcement (or sanctions when policies are violated) May delay more robust forms of privacy regulation and protection

Do people care about privacy? Attitude / behavior gaps? Generational gaps? Online / offline gaps? /technology_and_science-privacy_lost/

Cultures of privacy and surveillance Orwell’s Big Brother (1984) Jeremy Bentham / Michel Foucault’s Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, 1791 (Wikimedia Commons)Wikimedia Commons Penguin Books

Some findings from surveillance studies… Roots of surveillance/identification: taxation, conscription, mobility, crime & punishment Secular increase in surveillance/identification through the late 19 th and 20th centuries (migration, urbanization, the burden of care) Historical dynamics of surveillance – technology, social structure, and event Group level effects of surveillance: surveillance as social sorting (Oscar Gandy, The Panoptic Sort; David Lyon, The Electronic Eye), e.g. redlining, racial profiling, etc. Surveillant cultures: care, control, apathy & desire

Surveillance after privacy? v=RILTl8mxEnE David Brin, The Transparent Society Steve Mann, ‘sousveillance’ The Surveillance Camera Players: Glogger (Wikipedia)Wikipedia

Small group questions: Are the principles laid out in the HEW fair information practices, now 30+ years old, sufficient and appropriate for the conditions of the contemporary information world (web 2.0, cloud computing, e-government, massive online transactions, etc.)? How / what would we want to change or update? Identify at least 3 key principles (old or new) and explain their application to the online world. Are existing self-regulatory practices (e.g., the W3C P3P framework) adequate to address privacy concerns in commercial transactions online? Are there more robust and basic protections beyond self-regulation and contract law that government ought to ensure? If so, what are these? How and by whom should such measures be enforced?