The Excretory Systems

Excretion is the process of removing metabolic wastes. StateBody Systems involved in excretion Main Organ of excretion Waste product

The Large Intestine Not all foods are digested and absorbed by our body. The undigested food is passed into the large intestine for temporary storage. The undigested food contains a large amount of water and dissolved minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. Some of the water and the dissolved minerals are absorbed by the walls of the large intestine and returned to our body through blood circulation. The remaining solid waste after absorption is called feces. Feces contains bacteria, undigested food, bile, and the remaining water and minerals. It is discharged by the large intestine through the rectum. It then leaves our body through the anus.

SolidDigestive System Large intestinefeces

The Lungs The lungs are not only organs of respiration but also organs of excretion. The lungs give off 1. carbon dioxide 2. water vapor as waste products. These are picked up by the blood from the cells and brought to the lungs. Then, the lungs give them off as we exhale or breathe out.

GasRespiratory System lungsCarbon dioxide

The Skin removes metabolic wastes. These metabolic wastes move out of the blood vessels through the capillaries into the sweat glands. The skin excretes the following: 1. water 2. urea 3. salt

Each sweat gland has a sweat tube that leads to a small opening in the skin’s surface called pore. This is where water and salt pass out of the skin. These wastes are collectively called sweat or perspiration.

Liquid a. Integumentary System Skin (Sweat glands) Sweat or perspiration

StateBody System involved in excretion Main Organ of excretion Waste product SolidDigestive System Large intestinefeces GasRespiratory System lungsCarbon dioxide Liquid a. Integumentary System Skin (Sweat glands) Sweat or perspiration b.???

Water helps to remove the dangerous toxins that our body takes in from the air, the food and the chemicals we use on our skin and hair. Water also provides cushion for our body joints. Water carries oxygen and nutrients into all our cells. Water also helps to regulate our body temperature.

When we say “integrative”, this means that our body systems are interconnected to each other to maintain homeostasis.

Our body is so sensitive to everything we take in our body and to environment outside where we live in. And because of its sensitivity, we need other body system to perform other major liquid excretion aside from excretion by our skin.

Word origin: from the Greek: homeo, meaning unchanging + stasis, meaning standing. it is the state of balance in our body.

Homeostatic imbalance will lead to diseases or even death.

Nephrons Excess salts, water, wastes remain in the tubule and become urine Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter) All the blood in the body passes through the kidneys about 20 times every hour.

Urethra Tube carries urine from bladder to outside Difference in male/female Females shorter Opens in front of vagina Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

Different Excretory Systems StateBody System involved in excretion Main Organ of excretion Waste product SolidDigestive System Large intestinefeces GasRespiratory System lungsCarbon dioxide Liquid a. Urinary System kidneysurine b.Integumentary System Skin (sweat glands) Sweat or perspiration

CAUTION

How many times do you urinate in one day? Humans produce about 2.9 liters of urine over 24 hours.

Kidneys One of the main jobs of the kidneys is to filter the waste out of the blood. The kidneys filter that blood as many as 400 times a day! More than 1 million tiny filters inside the kidneys (nephrons) remove the waste.

What will happen if one of your kidney fail to function? Dialysis, a treatment where a machine does the job of the kidneys to filter the blood. used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function. (renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure.

What will happen if both of your kidneys failed to function? Kidney transplantation means replacement of the failed kidneys with a working kidney from another person, called a donor. Kidney transplantation is not a complete cure, although many people who receive a kidney transplant are able to live much as they did before their kidneys failed.

Kid Nephrologist Donor A physician specializes in kidney diseases

Kidney transplantation

Your kidney

Prevention Do not delay urination when it is necessary. Drink 6-8 glasses of water every day. Eat a healthy diet. Avoid eating salty foods. Avoid drinking soft drinks and alcoholic drinks like beer and wine.