Grammar: Attributive clause

My dream house is a villa. The villa is located in the centre of a forest. My dream house is a villa which is located in the centre of a forest.

ZGC is located in the north of BJ. ZGC is a new centre for Chinese science and technology. ZGC, which is located in the north of BJ, is a new centre for Chinese science and technology.

Jackie Chen is famous for his Kongfu movies. Jackie Chen is loved by people in mainland China. Jackie Chen, who is famous for his kongfu movies, is loved by people in mainland China.

引导定语从句的引导词有： 关系代 词 指人 who （主格）， whom （ 宾格）， whose （所有格 ） 指物 which （主，宾格）， whose （所有格） 指人或 物 that 关系副 词 when, where, why

who I like the friends who/that like sports. 先行词是人, 从句中缺少 主语时, 用 who 或 that

whom He is the student whom/that I want to see. 先行词是人，从句中缺 动词宾语或介词宾语时， 用 whom 或 that 或省略 （介词后不能用 that ）

whose 先行词是人，从句中 缺少表示所属关系的 定语时, 用 whose The lady whose handbag is red is my younger sister.

whose 先行词是物，且从句中 缺少表示所属关系的定语时， 用 whose 或 the+ 名词 +of which We study in the classroom whose door faces south. We study in the classroom of which the door faces south.

which 先行词是物, 从句中缺少 主语或宾语时, 用 which 或 that （介词后不可用 that ）作宾语时 可以省略。 The earthquake which/that may cause great damage is a sudden shake of the earth ’ s surface.

that Fetch me the dictionary which is lying on the desk. 在定语从句中可以指人也可以 指物，代替 who, whom, which, 在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾 语（不能 放在介词后面作介词宾语 ） 放在介词后面作介词宾语 that Chuck is a man ______________Wilson makes friends with in the film “Cast Away” whom /that with

1. I don’t like people who/ that throw litter. 2. Here is the man who/whom/--- you are looking for. 3. There’s a cat that/which scratched me. 4. They live in a house which /that was built a year ago. 5. I usually walk my dog in the park that/which is in the very center of the town. 6. This is the girl whose father is a lawyer. 7. This is a house whose/of which the windows face the south.

Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago? A.where B. when C. that D. what

— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? — Yes, there's one point _____ we must insist on ． A.why B. where C. how D ． /

Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which

Have you seen the film “ Titanic ”, ________leading actor is world- famous? A. its B. it's C. whose D. which

George Orwell, _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A.the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable. A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

whomwhich

The boy whom Mike is speaking to is my classmate. The boy to whom Mike is speaking is my classmate. to

I lost the pen which I had written several novels with. I lost the pen with which I had written several novels. with

Point 1: 介词的选用 考虑两个因素 1. 定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯 I never forget the days during which I studied hard. I never forget the day on which I went to college. I never forget the year in which I went to college. days day year

Point 1: 介词的选用 2. 定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 Have you found the book for which I paid $10? Have you found the book on which I spent $10? Have you found the book about which she often talks? paid spent talks

Exercises 1.The man ________I shook hands just now is my son’s English teacher. 2.A desert is a great plain _______ nothing will grow. 3.This is my pair of glasses, __________ I cannot see clearly. 4.The girl ________ he spoke didn’t answer. with whom in which without which to whom

只能用 which 的情况：  逗号后面只能用 which. The building, which has a large stone tower and thick stone walls, is one of the most famous buildings in the world.

只能用 which 的情况：  介词后面只能用 which This is the city in which he was born.

只能用 that 的情况：  先行词是不定代词, 如 all, little, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one, 等。 Is there anything that you want?

 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the same, the only, the very, the right, the last 所修饰时 The only thing that he remembered was her name. 只能用 that 的情况：

 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高 级修饰时 This is the first film that I ’ ve seen since I came here. 只能用 that 的情况：

 先行词中既有人又有物时 They talked about the teachers and the things （ that ） they remembered in the school. 只能用 that 的情况：

when ， where, why/ which, that  May 1st is the day I was born.  May 1st is the date I will never forget. when which/that on the day the day 时间状语 宾语

 Beijing is the place I was born.  Beijing is the place I visited last year. where which/that the place in the place 地点状语 宾语 when ， where, why/ which, that

 This is the reason _______ he was late for school today.  This is the reason ___________ he explained for his absence from school. why that/ which the reason for the reason 原因状语 宾语 when ， where, why/ which, that

when, where, why  May 1st is the day I was born.  Beijing is the place I was born.  This is the reason I came late. when where why or （ on which ） （ in which ） or （ for which ）

非限定性定语从句  定义：是主句先行词的补充说明， 没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确 与完整。  一般用逗号与主句分开。  Tom passed the examination, which pleased his parents.  As is known to all, he is one of the best writers in the 20th century.  关系代词不能用 that

非限定性定语从句  The man, who was standing nearby, saw what happened.  The man who/ that was standing nearby saw what happened.

定语从句中的特殊情 况  This is the city in which he was born.  This is the city where he was born.  This is the city that/which he wanted to pay a visit to.  This is the city to which he wanted to pay a visit.

定语从句中的特殊情况 (such)  David is such a good boy that everyone likes him.  David is such a good boy as everyone likes.

定语从句中的特殊情况 (the way)  He was very angry and I still remember the way _________________ he spoke to me.  I don’t like the way _________________ he settled the problem. that / in which / -----

定语从句中的特殊情 况  Is this the factory _____________you first met your best friends?  This is the factory _____________you first met your best friend.  Is this factory _______________ you visited last year?  This factory is _______________ you visited last year. where/ in which the one (that)

定语从句中的特殊情 况  Is this the same problem ______they faced several years ago?  This is the same problem _____they faced several years ago.  Is this problem similar to ___________ you visited last year?  This problem is similar to ____________ you visited last year. that the one (that)

定语从句中的特殊 情况  He made another wonderful discovery ____________ is of great importance to science.  He made another wonderful discovery _________________ is of great importance to science. that / which that / which (I think)