Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - HANDBOOK ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD, LIVELIHOOD AND WELL-BEING: STATISTICS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURE HOUSEHOLD INCOME Chapter VII RECOMMENDED CORE SET OF INDICATORS AND EXTENDED SETS

Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - Main purpose of Chapter VII  To provide a STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK to both identify and construct a core set of indicators that will be useful to describe “rurality”  To give RECOMMENDATIONS based on considerations of operational feasibility

Analytical and summary indicators for rurality  There are strong expectations for this part of the Handbook as analysts and policy makers would like to have the right and few indicators to follow “rurality”  Nowadays a large number of statistical indicators are available to measure socio-economic phenomena  Many indicators are put forward in publications and on web- sites by national, international and independent institutions Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

 A SELECTION of suitable indicators requires account to be taken of the:  MEASURABILITY of the specific categories  RELEVANCE to the rural phenomena  CORRELATION of the variables under consideration  etc... Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: Analytical and summary indicators for rurality

 a dimension difficult to classify  Definition requires one to take account of:  population density  distance to services centre  Statistics requires administrative units to be classified  often, localities within these units can be classified Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - The territorial nature of rurality

Two overlapping sets of indicators  Indicators in relationship to two extreme approaches to the definition of rural:  the SECTORAL APPROACH; rural households are defined first  the TERRITORIAL APPROACH; rural areas are identified first Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

Two sets of rural indicators for DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES  There is a wide difference in level of development in several key areas of interest in different geographical areas of the world  There is a need for some specific focuses (examples):  environmental conservation & rural sustainability in developed countries  poverty reduction & health care in developing countries Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

AREAS OF INTEREST covered by rural indicators  Suggestions by different economic ECONOMIC THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT  main concerns of RURAL POLICY MAKERS  review of major PUBLICATIONS AND WEB-SITES dedicated to rural issues Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

 COMPONENTS of rural development  natural environment  social well-being  POTENTIAL of rural development  territory with respect to population  economy  communications  SPECIAL FOCUSES on developing countries Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: AREAS OF INTEREST

Measures of rurality  There is b ackground model representing rurality  Two main statistical units to collect and publish indicators:  RURAL HOUSEHOLDS  RURAL AREAS  Beside more statistical units:  population  regions Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

 Defining the characteristics of an indicator that deals with rurality  Two main concerns:  the indicators often deal with poor areas of the world with few resources for statistical investigation  rurality itself does not have a simple definition Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: Measures of rurality

 STATISTICAL REQUIREMENTS of a rural indicator  The construction of DIMENSIONAL INDICATORS  The use of different measures to represent the same characteristics of rurality:  LEVEL  DISPERSION & CONCENTRATION  TENDENCY OVER TIME Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: Measures of rurality

Examples of indicators: A- Components of rural development  Natural environment: quality of the countryside and the condition of the natural environment (natural resources and wildlife), as necessary requirements to reach a good quality of life and as an opportunity to enhance the economic conditions of the rural population  Suggested indicator: per capita drinking water Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

 Social well-being: quality of social life and welfare. Good quality means good education and health; reduced risks and vulnerability of people  Suggested indicator: literacy rate  Economic conditions: income and wealth of people  Suggested indicator: real per capita income Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: Examples of indicators

Examples of indicators: B - potential for rural development  Territory with respect to population: territory available to the rural population to live, to cultivate (agricultural usable land) and to perform other economic activities  Suggested indicator: per capita agricultural area utilised (AAU) Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -

 Economy: economic environment health of rural population  Suggested tendency indicator: migration rate  Transportation and Communication Infrastructure: ability of rural population to communicate and interact with the rest of the world  Suggested indicator: per capita (railway, airport, etc.) stations Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli - …more on: Examples of indicators

Examples of indicators C - Special focus on developing countries  Market and institutions: Food price index  Infrastructure: rural population with access to electricity  Poverty: rural population living on less than $ 1 a day  Agriculture: agricultural productivity  Natural resources: forests and deforestation  Education: rural female literacy with respect to rural male literacy  Health: infection among rural population Presented by: Edoardo Pizzoli -