Session 2 Introduction to Pavement Preventive Maintenance Concepts

Learning Objectives 1.Describe the defining characteristics of pavement PM 2.Explain expected benefits 3.Identify obstacles to implementation 4.Describe experiences of several agencies Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Defining Characteristics of Pavement PM  Tool for pavement preservation  Planned strategy  Cost effective treatments  Maintains or improves functional condition  Does not increase structural capacity

Philosophy of Preventive Maintenance Applying the right treatment... To the right pavement... At the right time

Does a Preventive Maintenance Program Work? Few agencies have PM programs… why should they?

Expected Benefits from Preventive Maintenance  Improved pavement performance  Greater customer satisfaction  Smoother roads  Fewer construction delays  Long term cost savings/leveling  Increased safety  Others?

Expected Benefits Improved Pavement Performance  Preventive maintenance helps to preserve a pavement and extend its performance  Overall condition of network improves

Expected Benefits Improved Pavement Performance Reactive Maintenance Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Preventive Maintenance

Expected Benefits Greater Customer Satisfaction  Roads exist to serve the traveling public  What is the public’s view of roads?  Are our agencies organized to address the public’s views?

1995 NQI Survey of Users  Moderate level of satisfaction with highway system  Considerable opportunity to improve customer satisfaction  Prefer permanent over temporary repairs  Complete construction in a timely fashion

2001 NPHQ Update  65 % satisfied with their routes (an increase of 15 % since 1995)  6 % increase in dissatisfaction  Heavier traffic flows  Work zone delays

Washington State Survey  Roadway surface maintenance is the highest priority maintenance activity  Public is willing to pay more to:  Achieve desired levels of maintenance  Reduce future costs

Arizona Survey  #1 priority: safety (85 %)  #2 priority: preservation (46 %)  Over 60 % would be willing to pay more taxes to improve maintenance service levels  90 % would be willing to spend more now to save money in the long term

California Survey  Ranking of public priorities  Maintenance response to accidents/disasters  Safety  Pavement conditions  Traffic flow

Minnesota Market Research  Public wants smooth roads, convenience  Customers rate outcomes, not outputs  Customers rate products, not activities  Customer satisfaction requires measuring what is important to the customer

Expected Benefits Long Term Cost Savings/Leveling  Extended time to major rehabilitation, more frequent/less expensive treatments, fewer lane closures all contribute to… Lower life-cycle costs  Smoother roads, fewer delays contribute to… Lower user costs

Expected Benefits Increased Driver/Worker Safety  Better functional characteristics  Better friction  Fewer defects  Smoother roads  Fewer closures (work zones)  Shorter projects

Other expected benefits?

Obstacles to Implementation  Benefits not well documented  Requires initial and annual funding  Public perceptions  Agency management resistance

Obstacles to Implementation Lack of Documented Benefits  Agencies typically use worst-first  Some not familiar with treatments  Most do not use treatments in preventive applications  Long term benefits not well documented  Variations in local conditions: results from other studies acceptable?

Obstacles to Implementation Initial and Annual Funding  Funds still needed for rehabilitation and reconstruction  PM treats a category of pavements previously left alone  Requires dedicated and recurring funding: redirected or new $  Is such funding available?

Obstacles to Implementation Overcoming Public Perception  Public understands worst-first  Public complains about local defects rather than overall improvements  Public attitudes toward agency  Can the public understand treating pavements that look good?

Obstacles to Implementation Agency Management Resistance  Priority of maintenance?  Benefits of maintenance actions?  Policy making and personnel changes?  What information is needed to persuade management?  State internal policy

Positive Agency Experience  California  Michigan  Georgia  New York  Others

California  Decision to reduce the number of lane miles that need rehabilitation  A preventive maintenance strategy was analyzed  Presented to CTC in July 1996  10-year program (SHOPP) submitted in 1998

Program Funding

Category Routine Maint. Preventive Maint. CAPM Rehabilitation Current Funding $70 $50 $75 $300 $495 Projected Increase $53 Funding Steady State $50 $75 $50 $100 $275

Reported Cost Savings  4:1 to 6:1 overall cost benefit with preventive maintenance treatments

Georgia  Began current strategy approximately 25 years ago  Commitment to perform rehabilitation  10 % of road network each year  Network resurfaced every 10 yrs  Do not build any roads they can not maintain

IRI at Treatment

Lessons Learned  Policy has improved conditions  Now at steady-state condition  State must expand its preventive maintenance program  Support from top management is critical  PATIENCE; benefits are not immediate

Michigan  Implemented a Preventive Maintenance Program in 1992 with passage of ISTEA  Pavements  Bridges  Preventive maintenance extends the remaining service life of pavements and bridges

Funding Allocation  Funds distributed to 7 Regions based on need  Regions can distribute funds as needed  1998 distribution  Joint/crack sealing$10 million  Surface seals$19 million  Enhancements$25 million

Project Selection  Regions select projects based on goals assigned by central office  Goal is 95 percent of expressways and 85 percent of trunk highways in good to fair condition in 10 years  Procedure to plan, design, and let projects within 22 weeks

Maturing of the Plan  All projects are delivered in first 6 months of fiscal year  PMS used as network planning tool and to assist in treatment selection  Structural design does not consider preventive maintenance even though extended life is expected

Reported Cost Savings  Initial preventive maintenance costs 14 times less than rehabilitation or reconstruction  $700 million savings from 1992 to 1996  Overall LCCA appears to be 6:1

New York  Established the Dedicated Highway and Bridge Trust Fund  Received money from gas tax  Established system for preservation of state capital assets  Dept. annually prepares 5-year plan for preventive maintenance of highways and bridges

Pavement Condition Trends

Maturing of the Program  Vendor in place paving  Asphalt delivered to site by vendors  Placed and compacted by state forces  Simplified contracts  Simplification of normal process  Limited to 15 pay items, work done in one month, and one final payment  Changes to treatments  Safety appurtenance program

Meeting Agency Objectives  Developing objectives vs. meeting objectives  What are the goals?  Are they being met?  What changes are needed to the program?

Review of Learning Objectives 1.Define pavement preventive maintenance 2.Explain expected benefits 3.Identify obstacles to implementation 4.Describe experiences of several agencies