THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND THE CONSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 11 IS PATRIOT DAY SEPTEMBER 17 IS CONSTITUTION DAY SEPTEMBER 15-OCTOBER 15 IS HISPANIC HERITAGE MONTH TEST NEXT CLASS Democratic Ideals Unit 1

Think about… As a student at RHS and a member of this class, you have certain rights and responsibilities. They are… How does our school maintain order? How does a teacher maintain order in a class? As a member of the Denton community and a resident of the state, there are certain rights and responsibilities. What are they?

Government brings order and security to people Local level—neighborhood, city, county, area State level—Texas Federal level—U.S.A.

Politics the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power. synonyms:government, affairs of state, public affairs; diplomacy; civics the activities of governments concerning the political relations between countries the academic study of government and the state

Big Ideas What is citizenship? What does it mean to be an American? What is democracy? How do we know that we live in a democratic society?

“E Pluribus Unum” Out of many, we are one Found on our currency Found on the Great Seal since 1782

“In God We Trust” Taken from fourth verse of “The Star- Spangled Banner” On coins since 1864 Became official motto in 1956 On paper currency since 1957

Unit 1 What is democracy? What is “majority rule”? What is a right? Note: Democratic societies must balance the rights and responsibilities of individuals with the common good.

We gain insight into the sacrifices made for freedom and the values of a country by studying the founding documents of its government. Name three important documents in American history, produced by our “founders”. How do these documents define what it means to be an American?

Name this document! Where is the original?

The Preamble to The Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self- evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.”

Our philosophy of government “We hold these truths to be self- evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.”

The Declaration of Independence The U.S. Constitution 1776, Philadelphia Author--Jefferson “our birth certificate” Refers to the tyrant, King George III “unalienable rights” 1787, Philadelphia Author—Madison Our plan of government Refers to rights that had been violated by the British Bill of Rights Two Documents

Declaration of Independence The Constitution Which founding father signed both documents?

Other Patriot Leaders John Peter Muhlenberg—minister who led a regiment in the Revolutionary war John Witherspoon—minister who signed Declaration of Independence Charles Carroll—Catholic patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence What do the above men have in common? Jonathan Trumbull—advisor to General Washington who organized supplies for Continental army

Jonathan Trumbull John Trumbull Advisor to General Washington British governor who supported Revolution Organized supplies for Continental Army Son of Jonathan Painter of portraits and significant events in the American Revolution Two Trumbulls

The Declaration of Independence The Constitution We became a new country called The United States of America We created a Democratic Republic under The Articles of Confederation We no longer lived under the weak Articles of Confederation We had a strong federal government with three branches: legislative, executive and judicial How were things different after these documents?

Declaration of Independence Who wrote it? When?Where?Why? Who does it call a tyrant? What are unalienable rights? Name the unalienable rights. “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are _______ _________ and that they are endowed by their ______with certain unalienable rights; that among these are ____, ______, and the _______ of ________.”

The Constitution Who wrote it? When?Where?Why? What document did it replace? How many articles are in The Constitution? What is an amendment? What are the first ten amendments called? Name the three branches and what they do. Recognize the ideas of The Bill of Rights. How many amendments do we have today? What 5 freedoms are listed in the first amendment?

Declaration of Independence see p. 698 Constitution see p Find the similarities (compare)

What do the similarities tell us about the U.S. and our philosophy of government?

Two Founding Documents

Alexis de Tocqueville He was a French historian who visited the U.S. in the 19 th century and observed that the U.S. needed five values to be successful as a constitutional republic: 1. Liberty 2. Egalitarianism 3. Individualism 4. Populism 5. Laissez-faire

Terms 1. Democracy 2. Republicanism 3. Impeach 4. Treason 5. Popular sovereignty 6. First amendment 7. Bill of Rights 8. Articles of Confederation 9. Unalienable rights 10. Judicial review 11. Separation of powers 12. Checks and balances

Three Branches of Government

Separation of Powers

Our Rights Our Responsibilities What are our rights and responsibilities as citizens or residents of The United States?

Test Review Two major documents—purpose, author, signers, organization, place Constitutional ideas: federalism Separation of powers, checks and balances Strict constructionist (letter of the law) Federalist Papers and ratification Litigation (lawsuit) Lobby—getting Congress to pass laws for you De Tocqueville’s 5 values The Political Spectrum—moderate, liberal, conservative, reactionary, radical American Revolution ideas—boycott used against high taxes

Three Branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial Congress—two houses—makes laws—Capitol Senate is upper house, Congress and states can pass amendments Presidency—enforces laws—White House Electoral College Courts—interpret laws—Supreme Court w/9 justices Neo-Classical architecture in Washington, D.C.