The Digestive System By : Connor Allred

F UNCTION OF THE D IGESTIVE S YSTEM There are six functions of the digestive system which are ingestion of food, digestion of food into smaller pieces, secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes, mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste. However, the main function of the digestive system is to break down the food we eat into smaller parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and provide energy The digestive system works with the muscular system by moving the food being digested to where it needs to go, the circulatory system by providing nutrients to function, the nervous system by controlling all the parts of the system, and the respiratory system by providing oxygen for the system to function. ail&mid=71C841D1977DC1EC431A71C841D1977DC1EC431A CLICK ME

O RGANS IN B ODY SYSTEM The Organs include Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Colon (large intestine) Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Rectum Anus

I NFORMATION ABOUT EACH ORGAN The mouth is also known as the oral cavity and includes three accessory organs that aid in the digestion of food—the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. The teeth are living organism that are designed for cutting and grinding food into smaller pieces. The tongue also helps to push food toward the back part of the mouth for swallowing. The salivary glands produces saliva to help moisten food and begin the digestion of carbohydrates. The Pharynx, or throat, is a funnel-shaped tube which is responsible for the passing of chewed food from the mouth to the esophagus. Also the pharynx plays an important role in the respiratory system. Because the Pharynx serves two different functions, it contains a flap of tissue known as the epiglottis that acts as a switch to route food to the esophagus and air to the lungs. The Esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach that is part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It carries the swallowed mass of food along its length. At the lower end of the esophagus is a muscular ring called the esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter. The function of this sphincter is to close the end of the esophagus and trap food in the stomach. The Stomach is a muscular sac that is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. It is about the size of two fists placed next to one another. It acts as a storage tank for food so that the body has time to digest large meals properly. The stomach also contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that continue the digestion of food that began in the mouth. The Small Intestines is a long, thin tube about one inch in diameter and about ten feet long that is part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The entire small intestine is coiled like a hose and the inside surface is full of many ridges and folds. These folds are used to maximize the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. By the time food leaves the small intestine, around 90% of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that had entered. The Colon, or large intestine, is a long, thick tube about 2 ½ inches in diameter and about five feet long. It is located just below the stomach and wraps around the top and sides of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and contains many useful bacteria that aid in breaking down wastes to extract some small amounts of nutrients. The resulting waste, termed feces, enters the rectum before exiting the body through the anal canal.

I NFORMATION ABOUT EACH ORGAN The Pancreas is a large gland located just below and behind the stomach. It is about six inches long and shaped like a short, lumpy snake. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to complete the chemical digestion of foods. The Liver is a roughly triangular accessory organ of the digestive system located to the right of the stomach, just below the right lung and above the small intestine. The liver weighs about three pounds and is the second largest organ in the body. The liver has many important functions in the body, but its function in the role of digestion is the production of bile. This bitter, alkaline, yellow or greenish liquid aids in absorption and digestion, especially that of fats. The Gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just behind to the liver. The gallbladder is used to store and recycle excess bile, secreted by the liver, from the small intestine so that it can be reused for the digestion of subsequent meals.

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