Chapter 5 Ancient India

Ancient India Draw the map on page 107 (in new book). Make sure you add the mountain ranges, rivers, oceans. Notate Mount Everest, cities, river valleys, and the plains (delta- in old book, page 131).

Section 1 The Indus and Ganges River Valleys India is a subcontinent or large landmass that is geographically separated from the rest of the continent. The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the ________. Mount Everest is the most famous mountain there.

Geography of Ancient India These mountains separate the northern border of India from the rest of the world. What other mountain range separates India from the rest of the world? Look on page 131.

Geography of Ancient India What 3 bodies of water surround India? Does that limit India’s contact with people? Why not? How did they get to other areas such as Egypt and Mesopotamia? Discuss with your group for 3-5 seconds to determine an answer.

Geography of Ancient India India’s climate is dominated by the monsoons, strong winds that blow across the region at certain times of the year. Winter monsoons blow from the northwest spreading dry air (these blow October to May). Summer monsoons blow in from the Indian Ocean which pick up moisture from the ocean and drench the plains and valleys daily. Draw wind direction on your map.

Geography of Ancient Egypt As with Egypt and Mesopotamia’s rivers, the Indus River floods in the spring leaving twice as much silt as the Nile. Farmers are blessed with a hot climate so they are able to plant twice a year. The river begins as an icy stream in the Himalayas and grows into a major river flowing southwest in a flat plain similar to the delta in Egypt.

Geography of Ancient India The Indus spreads out in a dry- desert like delta called the Indus Plain then drains into the Arabian Sea. The Ganges River flows from the Himalayas into the Bay of Bengal. Which direction do the rivers flow? How did the farmers fight the floods? How did they fight against wildlife? What did they use to scare away the animals? Pg

Compare the Indus and the Nile rivers. How are they similar? What made it possible for Indus Valley farmers to harvest crops two times a year? What kinds of terrain does the Indus River cross from source to mouth? Why did the people of the Indus Valley have to build irrigation canals and walls?

Early Indian Civilization From around 2500 B.C. to 1500 B.C. two Indian cities grew: Harappa=named after an Indian god. Mohenjo-Daro- was the larger of the two cities and was located along the banks of the ________ River. Mohenjo-Daro= “Mound of the Dead”

Harappa Not much is known about the Harappa civilization. Scholars have never been able to decipher the texts found on the artifacts. However, historians have been able to piece together a picture of how life may have been for the people of the Indus River Valley.

Mohenjo-Daro 400 years after finding Harappa, Mohenjo- Daro was discovered. This was a city that had a least 40,000 people living there. Its design was a sophisticated city and was well planned. Your assignment is to read pages Answer the following questions.

Mohenjo-Daro How was Mohenjo-Daro laid out as a city? What material did people in Mohenjo-Daro use to pave streets and construct housing? What were probably the largest buildings in the city and what were they used for? What is a citadel? What conclusion can you draw from the size of the grain warehouse? What evidence can you find to determine a strong government?

The Newcomer For some reason, the cities of Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa were abandoned. Two possibilities exist: an earthquake changed the flow of the Indus River which resulted in the loss of crop production. Second, an earthquake caused major flooding that destroyed both cities.

Assignment As a group, you are to do research on the following items: Hindu-Kush Mountain, the Himalayas, Mount Everest, monsoons, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations, the Indus River, the Ganges River, and the Arayan people. Each table will have one item, all have to research, compile the information, and be ready to present on Friday. Write this in your agenda.

A New Culture Arises A New Culture Arises The newcomers from the north between 2000 and 1500 B.C. were the ______________, which in their language meant ____________. The Aryan migrated from central Asia by crossing the Hindu-Kush Mountains into the Indus River Valley. They were noted for herding cattle and sheep on horseback. Migrate= moving from one place to another to live.

Caste System/Hinduism The Aryans had a social pyramid, only their pyramid was more of a rectangle. Later it was called a caste system- a strict division of classes. Read on page 111, to create a chart for the caste system. Explain how the social rectangle change from just social classes to a caste system. The Aryans contributed in the way of religion. The Aryans brought _____________ to this area. The Hindus religious book is the ____________ which means “knowledge”.

Assignment Create the caste system. Compare it to the social pyramid of Egypt. Research Hinduism Write this in your agenda.

Section 2: Hinduism in Ancient India Pgs

The Beginnings of Hunduism The Aryans blended with the Indian culture and out of this combination of beliefs and ideas came Hinduism, one of the world’s oldest religions.

Hinduism ___________ became complex over time with many different practices. ___________ has NO ONE single founder, but does have many religious thinkers.

3 Hindu gods and goddesses 3 Hindu gods and goddesses Hindu gods take many different forms, called Avatars –it is the representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form. List the 3 most important Hindu gods and goddesses and what they reign over. Do gods take on an animal form? Explain. page

Hinduism There are two sacred texts important to Hindusim. 1. Vedas- several songs that explained life and how they should live. 2. Upanishads- means sitting near a teacher. One important idea in the Upanishads is reincarnation (or rebirth of the soul). Finish reading info on page 117 on reincarnation.

Hinduism Hindu’s Duties: Read on page 117 about the duties. To be united with one spirit and escape the cycle of death and rebirth, a person must obey his or her dharma. Another duty is ahimsa (or nonviolence). Why are these important? Explain. There are four main goals in human life.

Hinduism The practice of Hinduism. Refer to Hindu website for the practice. Make sure you take notes on Hinduism for test.

Buddism- The big picture Between 1500 B.C. and 500 B.C. Aryan settlers spread eastward across the Indian subcontinent. Aryan princes were in control of much of the subcontinent. In the far north, at the base of the Himalayas, some kingdoms held on to their freedom by making yearly payments to the Aryans to the south. Because of this, many Indians began to look to answers beyond the Vedas.

Section 3: The Beginnings of Buddhism Read the history of Siddhartha Gautama and his quest to enlightenment. What problem did Siddhartha’s mother’s dream create? Why was this a problem? How did his father try to solve this problem? Why did Siddhartha Gautama decide to leave his palace?

Buddhism What troubling discoveries did Siddhartha make in his beautiful garden? What more hopeful discovery did he make there? What dilemma did these discoveries create for Siddhartha? What did Siddhartha seek? How long and where did Siddhartha search? What means did he explore to find his answers?

Buddhism Siddhartha is known as Buddha, or “Enlightened One”. Some of Buddha’s ideas were the same as Hinduism. For example: the belief of reincarnation or that people went through the circle of birth, death, and rebirth. They also believed in karma- a force caused by a person’s good and bad acts. Karma is said to affect future lives.

Buddhism Buddhism teaches people to follow the Eightfold Path also known as the _____________. The Way to End Suffering: One cure for human suffering was to give up selfish desires and follow the Middle Way, where life was not too strict and not too easy.

Eightfold Path Illustrate the Eightfold Path using your book pg. 153 in old textbook. Add the two steps at the end of your illustration Nirvana and Release from Reincarnation. In new textbook.

Section 4: The Maurya Empire Who founded the Maurya Empire? What type of power did Chandraugupta have over his people? Illustrate Chandragupta’s reign in a story web. Use page in your book.

Asoka’s Leadership Who did Chandragupta pass leadership to? And then to whom? Who did Asoka lead his people like? His father or grandfather? What became a turning point in his leadership?

Asoka’s Leadership Illustrate Asoka’s leadersip in a T-chart. Before and after the battle of Kalinga.

Asoka the Buddhist Ruler After the Battle of Kalinga Asoka converted to Buddhism. Create a story web to illustrate Asoka’s rule over his people. What happened to India after Asoka’s death?

Test Dates Chapter 4 test TBA India Map test given on same day