Segregation and Discrimination Summer School – Day 2

Jim Crow southern Racial Segregation in place in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems. southern Racial Segregation in place in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems.

Ida B. Wells “Lynching and the Excuse for it.” “Lynching and the Excuse for it.” Pg 286 Pg 286

Plessy and Jim Crow

Voting Restrictions Poll Tax – annual tax that must be paid before qualifying to vote. Poll Tax – annual tax that must be paid before qualifying to vote. Excluded black as well as white sharecroppers. Excluded black as well as white sharecroppers. Literacy Test – had to prove literacy to be able to vote. Literacy Test – had to prove literacy to be able to vote. Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause For those who couldn’t pass literacy test or pay poll tax For those who couldn’t pass literacy test or pay poll tax Can vote if you, your father, or grandfather could vote before January 1, 1867 Can vote if you, your father, or grandfather could vote before January 1, 1867

Plessy v Ferguson Separation of races in public was legal and did not violate the 14 th Amendment. Separation of races in public was legal and did not violate the 14 th Amendment. Established the doctrine of “Separate but Equal.” Established the doctrine of “Separate but Equal.” Legalized segregation Legalized segregation

Industrialization Summer School – Day 2

Industrialization 1. Wealth of natural resources 2. Government support for business 3. Growing urban population Cheap labor Cheap labor New Markets New Markets

Natural Resources

Black Gold Oil boom started in Oil boom started in Titusville, PN Edwin Drake successfully drills for oil. Titusville, PN Edwin Drake successfully drills for oil.

Bessemer Steel Process Iron is a soft metal. Iron is a soft metal.

Bessemer Steel Process When carbon is removed, makes steel. When carbon is removed, makes steel. Bessemer Process – efficient process for making steel. Bessemer Process – efficient process for making steel.

Uses for steel. Railroads Railroads Barbed wire Barbed wire Farm machines Farm machines Steel changed the face of the nation. Steel changed the face of the nation. Brooklyn Bridge Brooklyn Bridge Skyscrapers Skyscrapers

Inventions and Change Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Light bulb (1880) Light bulb (1880) Electric Power Electric Power Electricity began to be used to run machines in factories and later became available to homes. Electricity began to be used to run machines in factories and later became available to homes.

Inventions spark change Christopher Sholes - Typewriter in 1867 Christopher Sholes - Typewriter in 1867 Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone 1876 Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone 1876 Mass production of clothing Mass production of clothing New advances in technology increased standard of living and expanded the availability of affordable products. New advances in technology increased standard of living and expanded the availability of affordable products.

Ch 6, Sec 1 - Resources

Age of Railroads Railroads made local transit and westward expansion possible for people and business. Railroads made local transit and westward expansion possible for people and business. Promontory, Utah May 10, 1869 Promontory, Utah May 10, 1869 First Transcontinental Railroad First Transcontinental Railroad

Railroads Railroad companies gave immigrants a source of employment Railroad companies gave immigrants a source of employment Central Pacific Railroad Chinese immigrants Central Pacific Railroad Chinese immigrants Union Pacific Irish immigrants Union Pacific Irish immigrants

Railroads economic impact Rapid increase in industry due to railroad demands: iron, coal, steel, lumber, glass Rapid increase in industry due to railroad demands: iron, coal, steel, lumber, glass

Westward Expansion Nationwide new towns grew around the railroad lines. Nationwide new towns grew around the railroad lines. Allowed people to move westward and maintain contact with the east. Allowed people to move westward and maintain contact with the east.

Growth of Railroads

Interstate Commerce Act Farmers fought with railroads for fixing prices. Farmers fought with railroads for fixing prices. Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 – gave the federal government the right to supervise railroad activities. Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 – gave the federal government the right to supervise railroad activities.

Andrew Carnegie Carnegie Steel Company Carnegie Steel Company 1. Incorporated new machinery and techniques 2. Got talented people by offering stock in the company 3. Tried to control as much of the steel industry as possible.

Horizontal and Vertical Integration

Social Darwinism Darwin’s theory of “natural selection” Darwin’s theory of “natural selection” Best-adaptive survive, weaker is weeded out Best-adaptive survive, weaker is weeded out Riches were a sign of God’s favor Riches were a sign of God’s favor

J. P. Morgan Ran trust companies Ran trust companies Trusts – businesses who buy stock in other businesses and run them as one company. Trusts – businesses who buy stock in other businesses and run them as one company.

John D. Rockefeller Rockefeller controlled about 90 of crude oil production in Rockefeller controlled about 90 of crude oil production in Ran competitors out of the market and raised prices. Ran competitors out of the market and raised prices. Rockefeller and his counterparts became known as Robber Barons Rockefeller and his counterparts became known as Robber Barons

John D. Rockefeller

Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890 Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade

Labor Unions Poor working conditions, long hours, and no benefits were common in Northern Industries. Poor working conditions, long hours, and no benefits were common in Northern Industries. Unsafe conditions led to injuries and death in factories. Unsafe conditions led to injuries and death in factories.

Labor Unions Samuel Gompers was president of the AFL. Samuel Gompers was president of the AFL. American Federation of Labor American Federation of Labor Used collective bargaining to get increases in pay, benefits, and working conditions. Used collective bargaining to get increases in pay, benefits, and working conditions.

Unions for Unskilled Workers Eugene Debs Eugene Debs American Railway Union American Railway Union Skilled and semiskilled workers. Skilled and semiskilled workers. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Skilled and unskilled workers together. Skilled and unskilled workers together. Opened membership to African Americans Opened membership to African Americans

Skill-builder Activity 1. What messages do the images and slogans convey to you? 2. What do you find most persuasive about this poster? Why?

Violence and Strikes Great Strike of 1877 Great Strike of 1877 President Hayes used federal troops to end the strike. President Hayes used federal troops to end the strike. Haymarket Affair Haymarket Affair Gathered in Chicago’s Haymarket Square to protest police brutality of strikers Gathered in Chicago’s Haymarket Square to protest police brutality of strikers 7 police and strikers were killed in chaos. 7 police and strikers were killed in chaos.

Union Membership

American Industrial Revolution