Scheduling in µC/OS-III Akos Ledeczi EECE 6354, Fall 2015 Vanderbilt University

Ready “List” Not a simple linked list of tasks ordered by priority Priority bitmap: – Helps quickly identify the highest priority level that has at least one task ready to run – Count Leading Zeros (CLZ) instruction in many CPUs Actual list is an array of ready lists: one for each priority level

Ready “List” Empty list: OS Tasks:

Ready “List” Adding a task always puts it at the end of the list

Preemptive Scheduling: Direct Post

Preemptive Scheduling: Deferred Post

Scheduling Points Post (unless call made with OS_OPT_POST_NO_SCHED) Call delay Pend (unless event has already occurred) Abort pend (only by another task of course) Task creation Task deletion Kernel object deletion (tasks pending on these become ready) Priority change Suspend Resume (only by another task of course) End of all nested ISRs (OSIntExit() instead of OSSched()) Scheduler unlock (only final unlock as locking the scheduler can be nested) Yield in round robin scheduling Explicitly calling the scheduler

Round Robin Scheduling Time Slicing Must call OSSchedRoundRobinCfg() to enable round robin scheduling Yield Time quanta can be set on a per task basis Time quanta can be changed at run-time

Scheduling from Task Level void OSSched (void) { Disable interrupts if (OSIntNestingCtr > (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* ISRs still nested? */ return; /* only schedule when no nested ISRs */ } if (OSSchedLockNestingCtr > (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* Scheduler locked? */ return; /* Yes */ } OSPrioHighRdy = OS_PrioGetHighest(); /* Find the highest priority ready */ OSTCBHighRdyPtr = OSRdyList[OSPrioHighRdy].HeadPtr; if (OSTCBHighRdyPtr == OSTCBCurPtr) { /* Current is still highest priority task? */ Enable interrupts /* Yes... no need to context switch */ return; } OSTaskCtxSwCtr++; /* Increment context switch counter */ OS_TASK_SW(); /* Perform a task level context switch */ Enable interrupts }

Scheduling from Interrupt Level void OSIntExit (void) { Disable interrupts if (OSIntNestingCtr == (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* Prevent OSIntNestingCtr from wrapping */ return; } OSIntNestingCtr--; if (OSIntNestingCtr > (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* ISRs still nested? */ Enable interrupts /* Yes */ return; } if (OSSchedLockNestingCtr > (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* Scheduler still locked? */ Enable interrupts /* Yes */ return; } OSPrioHighRdy = OS_PrioGetHighest(); /* Find highest priority */ OSTCBHighRdyPtr = OSRdyList[OSPrioHighRdy].HeadPtr; /* Get highest priority task ready-to-run */ if (OSTCBHighRdyPtr == OSTCBCurPtr) { /* Current task still the highest priority? */ Enable interrupts /* Yes */ return; } OSTaskCtxSwCtr++; /* Keep track of the total number of ctx switches */ OSIntCtxSw(); /* Perform interrupt level ctx switch */ Enable interrupts }

Round Robin Scheduling #if OS_CFG_SCHED_ROUND_ROBIN_EN > 0u void OS_SchedRoundRobin (OS_RDY_LIST *p_rdy_list) { OS_TCB *p_tcb; if (OSSchedRoundRobinEn != DEF_TRUE) { /* Make sure round-robin has been enabled */ return; } CPU_CRITICAL_ENTER(); p_tcb = p_rdy_list->HeadPtr; if (p_tcb == (OS_TCB *)0) { CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); return; } if (p_tcb == &OSIdleTaskTCB) { CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); return; } if (p_tcb->TimeQuantaCtr > (OS_TICK)0) { p_tcb->TimeQuantaCtr--; /* Decrement time quanta counter */ } if (p_tcb->TimeQuantaCtr > (OS_TICK)0) { /* Task not done with its time quanta */ CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); return; } if (p_rdy_list->NbrEntries < (OS_OBJ_QTY)2) { /* slice only if multiple tasks at same priority */ CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); return; return; }

Round Robin Scheduling cont’d. if (OSSchedLockNestingCtr > (OS_NESTING_CTR)0) { /* Can't round-robin if the scheduler is locked */ CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); return; } OS_RdyListMoveHeadToTail(p_rdy_list); /* Move current OS_TCB to the end of the list */ p_tcb = p_rdy_list->HeadPtr; /* Point to new OS_TCB at head of the list */ if (p_tcb->TimeQuanta == (OS_TICK)0) { /* See if we need to use the default time slice */ p_tcb->TimeQuantaCtr = OSSchedRoundRobinDfltTimeQuanta; } else { p_tcb->TimeQuantaCtr = p_tcb->TimeQuanta; /* Load time slice counter with new time */ } CPU_CRITICAL_EXIT(); } #endif

Task Level Context Switch: Before Must prepare stack as if an interrupt occurred

Task Level Context Switch: After Registers are restored from the new task’s stack It is a “simulated” return from interrupt

ISR Level Context Switch: Before Interrupt has already caused registers to be saved on the stack

ISR Level Context Switch: After