High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, 2008 1 Expected nuclear modifications and pseudorapidity asymmetry at the LHC George Fai Kent State University Collaborators:

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High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Expected nuclear modifications and pseudorapidity asymmetry at the LHC George Fai Kent State University Collaborators: A. Adeluyi, Kent G.G. Barnaföldi, Kent and Budapest P. Lévai, Budapest U.S. Department of Energy DE-FG02-86ER40251

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Outline 1. Introduction 2. Motivation: why do we insist on pA collisions? 4. Calculations 4a. d+Au results at RHIC 4b. d+Pb prediction for the LHC 3. Pseudorapidity asymmetry and nuclear modifications 5. Summary and conclusions G. Fai, Workshop on pA physics at RHIC, BNL, Oct. 29, 2000

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, The importance of pA measurements We expect QGP to be formed in AA, but NOT in pA Miklos Gyulassy “The deuteron-gold control experiment”

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Centrality Dependence Dramatically different and opposite centrality evolution of Au+Au experiment from d+Au control. Au + Au Experimentd + Au Control Experiment Preliminary DataFinal Data Tom Hemmick: Quark Matter 04

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, The importance of pA measurements The jump from pp to AA (heavy) is too large to reliably provide baseline (enhancement/suppression relative to what?) separate various nuclear effects (shadowing, multiple scattering, EMC effect,…) Examples: J/ ψ production, Drell-Yan, strangeness “enhancement” Direct observation of asymmetry should come from forward-backward difference in pA In light of no QGP formation and difference from pp, large forward-backward asymmetry should be expected in pA ?

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, The p T distributions soften in a similar way in pp and dAu collisions BRAHMS R. Debbe, 2005

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Forward-backward asymmetry in d+Au PHOBOS, PRC72, (R) (2005) around 40% effect in the central bin back/forward asymmetry ratio > 1

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Forward-backward asymmetry in d+Au BRAHMS, PRL 94, (2005) upto 40% effect back/forward asymmetry ratio > 1

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Forward-backward asymmetry effects are much smaller then e.g. jet quenching differences BRAHMS, PRL 94, (2005) pseudorapidity asymmetry increases with centrality up to 40% effect introduce back/forward asymmetry ratio increases with rapidity (up to a point)

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, v 1,v 3 ! Paul Stankus The importance of pA measurements: other reasons Peter Steinberg 2005

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, In the past at RHIC: small detectors to go to higher rapidity PHOBOS, PRC70, (2004 ) BRAHMS, PRL 93, (2004) STAR, ALICE, ATLAS, CMS are big barrels … Notwithstanding some additions of large-rapidity capabilities

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Front view of ALICE detector

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, … and here are many of them, with content measured (sampled) at this conference …

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Ingredients of the pQCD calculation Shadowing parameterizations (nPDF-s) 1. Role of multiple scattering 2. Role of the EMC effect A. Adeluyi and G. Fai, PRC74, (2006) EKS, FGS, HKN, HIJING Particularly interested in (over and above intrinsic k T ) Fragmentation functions (FF-s) KKP, BKK, AKK, Kretzer B.A. Cole & Hungarians, hep-ph/

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Ingredients of the pQCD calculation Various shadowing parameterizations EKS, EPJC9, 61 (1999) FGS, PRD71, (2005) HKN, PRC70, (2004) HIJING, PLB527, 85 (2002) Scales factorization (PDF): κ p T /z fragmentation (FF): κ p T everywhere with κ = 2/3

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Calculated spectra at RHIC -- compared to data intrinsic k T increases the calculation mostly at low p T need to include multiple scattering with HIJING shadowing for same D/T Central rapidity

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Calculated spectra at RHIC Nonzero rapidity Forward and backward data averaged by STAR multiple scatt. influences d-side (forward) more than Au-side (backward) Need separated forward/backward data!

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Calculated spectra at Tevatron – compared to data p + sqrt(s) ~ 35 GeV Central rapidity

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Calculated spectra at Tevatron – compared to data Nonzero rapidity

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Study role of multiple scattering in rapidity distributions using HIJING shadowing Pseudorapidity distribution at fixed p T intrinsic k T turned off asymmetry disappears in the absence of shadowing d+Au at RHIC deuteron side gold side

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, deuteron side gold side Add intrinsic transverse momentum in the nucleon No shadowing added symmetry preserved

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Turn on shadowing and multiple scattering intrinsic k T increases the yield, keeping asymmetry multiple scatt. increases yield further (mostly d side), reverses asymmetry gold side deuteron side

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Start from full calculation, turn off multiple scattering and shadowing separately shadowing suppresses yield, more on deuteron side (forward) multiple scatt. contribution is large on the deuteron side gold side

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, What happens with increasing transverse momentum? When p T becomes large compared to (broadened) intrinsic k T, intrinsic transverse momentum effects become less important + we approach antishadowing deuteron side gold side

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, What happens with increasing transverse momentum? When p T becomes large compared to (broadened) intrinsic k T, intrinsic transverse momentum effects become less important + we approach antishadowing

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Summary so far: pseudorapidity asymmetry arises from nuclear effects in constrained geometry In an asymmetric geometry (his wine thief), if there are some physical effects (gravity here), and the conditions are carefully controlled, the medium prefers one direction over the other (here the one leading to the wine glass)

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Nuclear modification factors for deuteron on gold total charged hadrons min. bias EKS FGS HKN intrinsic k T turned off

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Central-to-peripheral ratio for deuteron on gold HKN Without k T and without the possibility to tune multiple scattering, R CP overpredicted at forward rapidities

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Semicentral-to-peripheral ratio for deuteron on gold

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Pseudorapidity asymmetry for several species in | η | < 0.5 with EKS, FGS, HKN, without k T

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Pseudorapidity asymmetry in 0.5 < | η | < 1.0 with EKS, FGS, HKN, without k T HKN

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Comparing the two kinds of descriptions no significant difference at small η differences at high p T and higher pseudorapidity GO TO LHC ! at high η and p T, shadowing-type differences start to show up

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Comparing the two kinds of descriptions

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Expected pseudorapidity asymmetry at the LHC When going to LHC: HIJING shadowing very strong much larger is used 2

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Expected nuclear modification factor at the LHC central rapidity HKN without k T possible effects of jet quenching EMC effect

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Conclusions In the framework of a pQCD-based model, two options to describe spectra in d+Au both at y=0 and y≠0: (tentative) EITHER use EKS (or FGS or HKN) shadowing forward R CP not well reproduced OR use HIJING-type shadowing + multiscattering pseudorapidity asymmetry not reproduced unless k T broadening given rapidity dependence working on it LHC will hopefully prefer one over the other at sufficiently high rapidity and transverse momentum NEED SEPARATED FORWARD/BACKWARD DATA FOR THIS KIND OF ANALYSIS!

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Intrinsic transverse momentum width in the proton

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Differences in R AA between Au+Au and d+Au

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Shadowing and EMC summary

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Shadowing parameterizations as functions of x HKM EKS98 Armesto new HIJING Sarcevic Frankf urt

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Back/forward asymmetry ratio increases with rapidity STAR, PRC70, (2004) Measure at increasing rapidity LHC

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Rapidity evolution of the Cronin peak Deuteron side

High p_T at LHC Tokaj, March 17, Rapidity evolution of the Cronin peak Gold side