Definition: changes to an organism’s DNA sequence.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Mutations Hollywood’s images of mutation. Mutations Hollywood’s images of mutation.

Advertisements

Mutations Hollywood’s images of mutation.

Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring, only to descendant cells)

Genetic Diseases Autosomal Recessive Diseases – PKU (phenylketonuria) caused by a recessive allele found on Chromosome 12 Causes accumulation of phenylalanine.

DNA Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Protein Synthesis Mutations and Genetic Disorders.

DNA Mutations Biology. What if we mess up one of the nucleotides and change one of the codons? We get a mutation! Mutations in DNA sequence: –Point mutations.

Biology – 9 th Grade Chapter 10.  Environmental Influences such as: Chemicals or UV Rays  Inherited: mutations can be passed down from parent to offspring.

Human Genetic Mutations. 2 Main Types of Mutations 1.) Chromosomal Mutations 2.) Gene Mutations.

MUTATIONS _______________ are changes in the genetic material. MUTATIONS mistakes REMEMBER! Mutations can happen when cells make _____________ in.

Gene Mutations Higher Human Biology Unit 1 – Human Cells.

GENETIC DISORDERS. Creamer Colorblindness Test Can you see the circle and star?

Biology – 9 th Grade Chapter 10.  Environmental Influences such as: Chemicals or UV Rays  Inherited: mutations can be passed down from parent to offspring.

Changes in DNA that affect genetic information

Mutations Learning Targets: Describe different gene mutations.

Mutations Curly winged fruit flies Drosophila, short leg bassett hounds and seedless grapes are all examples of mutations.

DNA Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Mutations Gene Mutations Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene May only involve a single nucleotide May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses,

What is a mutation? A mutation is any change in genetic material. There are many ways for mutations to occur. Common point mutations are...

Human Genetic Mutations

Mutations. What comes to mind???? Mutants.

Mutations Changes in DNA may result in disease. Mutations: Page 96 1) Define mutation from page 224 in your textbook. 2) Decide from paragraph 2 if all.

Genes and Gene Mutations. Gene: a sequence of DNA bases that code for a product, usually a protein. Gene mutation: a change in the sequence of bases.

Genetic disorders Caused by: ~ _________________________ ________________________ Or ~ _________________________ _________________________.

Genetic Disorders Project. Achondroplasia Achromatopsia Acid Maltase Deficiency Albinism Alzheimer's Disease Angelman syndrome Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Barth.

MUTATIONS. Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information Only mutation in the GAMETES can be passed on from generation to generation There can.

Don’t let this happen to you!!. MUTATIONS Changes in DNA that affect genetic information.

Human Genetic Mutations. 2 Main Types of Mutations 1.) Chromosomal Mutations 2.) Gene Mutations.

1.Most genetic disorders result from a mutation in one gene. a.Mutation: a change in an organism’s genetic material (DNA) 2.A mutated gene produces a.

GENETIC MUTATIONS What is this picture depicting?.

Because Stuff Happens. A. Mutation Overview  Any change or random error in the nucleotide sequence (either DNA or mRNA) is called a mutation  Can occur.

Mutations and Genetic Disorders. Review One Wrong Letter Questions to think about: 1) How is the little boy in the video.

AIM: What causes genetic disorders. Do Now: What are genetic disorders

Mutations  Hollywood’s images of mutation. Mutations  Actual Mutations in fruit flies.

4.12 DNA and Mutations. Quick DNA Review Base pairing Base pairing.

Molecular Genetics Mutations  A permanent change that occurs in a cell’s DNA is called a mutation.  Types of mutations  Point mutation  Insertion.

BIOLOGY FALL 2014 MUTATIONS. WHAT ARE MUTATIONS? Mutations = changes in the genetic material Mutations can happen when cells make mistakes in copying.

Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes.

Genetic Diseases Autosomal Recessive Diseases

Don’t let this happen to you!!

Big Q: What are mutations? Big Q: How do mutations affect genes?

Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics Chapter 12-1 & 12-2

Mutations and Genetic Disorders

Human Heredity.

Gene Mutations Essential Question: How do changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence affect the resulting protein?

MUTATIONS 12-4.

Gene Mutations Chromosome Mutations

HUMAN GENETICS What can go wrong? Chromosome Gene Mutations Mutations.

What is a mutation? Mutation = any change in DNA (the order of nucleotide bases/letters) Can occur in any cell in the body. Remember from the cells unit.

MUTATIONS 12-4.

Don’t let this happen to you!!

DNA (Gene) Mutations.

Mutations: Changes in Genes

Presentation transcript:

Definition: changes to an organism’s DNA sequence

Genetic Disorders in Humans Sickle-Cell Disease Hemophilia albinism Phenylketonuria Cystic Fibrosis Tay Sachs Disease colorblindness Adrenoleukodystrophy (Lorenzo's Oil) Herditary Deafness Coffin-Lowry Syndrome Achondroplasia (dwarfism) Fragile X Syndrome Huntington's Disease Marfan Syndrome (Alton Giant) Trisomy 13 (Edward's Syndrome) Phenylketonuria (PKU) Rett Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Turner Syndrome Rett Syndrome Progeria (premature aging) Xeroderma pigmentosum Gaucher Disease Prader-Willi Syndrome Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

X-Men…and women

Albinism

Progeria

Marfan Syndrome

What causes mutations? Wrong base is added during DNA replication. Environmental factors: UV rays (sunlight, tanning beds) X-rays Radiation Chemicals Cigarette smoke Mutations can lead to cancer, diseases, nothing, or an advantage Mutations accumulate with age

How do mutations change a trait? GeneProteinTrait Mutation in Gene Produce wrong protein Different Trait Mutation Normal Example Mutation in melanin gene Do not make any of the protein melanin Trait is albino

What is a mutation? A change in the DNA nucleotides 2 general types: Point Mutation or Substitution 1 base in the DNA is changed or substituted for another Frame Shift Mutation 1 base is added or removed so the reading frame is shifted over

Substitution Substitution: One base is switched for another THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. THE FAT CAP ATE THE RAT.

Substitution DNA: CCT GAG GAG CCT GTG GAG Pro – Glu – Glu Pro – Val – Glu One base is changed, so only one amino acid could be changed

Ryan Clark January 3, 2012: “The Pittsburgh Steelers safety and leading tackler won’t play in Sunday’s NFL playoff game at the Denver Broncos due to a blood condition that led to major medial complications the last time he played in the mile-high altitude of Denver.” - From USAtoday.com Sickle Cell Anemia Abnormal hemoglobin that distorts red blood cells Substitution: Example

Frame Shift Mutation Insertion: A base is added to the DNA THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT ECA TAT ETH ERA. Deletion: A base is removed from the DNA THE FAT ATA TET HER AT  C in “CAT” is gone. Adding or deleting a base shifts the reading frame. All of the codons after the mutation are changed, so all the amino acids are changed.

Fruit Flies and Mutations