Course guide on Food Plant Design and Pilot Demonstration (FST 409) University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Department of Food Science and Technology
Synopsis Concept of a food plant Plant design concepts Definitions Process design Optimal design principles Sanitary design General appreciation of the food industry and various plant facility need Design principles Feasibility study Site selection Plant economics and profitability
Concept of a Food Plant Food plant as physical entity Conversion processes in a food plant Energy consumption and cost Waste generation Human expertise need Life cycle of a plant
Plant design concepts Design as an idea generation exercise Fitness to a purpose Enormity of task depends on the intended scale of operation of the plant Food Plant design as a multidisciplinary project Coordinated by a Food Engineer/Food Technologist Team may involve all or some of the following: Civil, Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Accountants, Architects, Quantity Surveyor, Economists, etc.
Definitions Food process Process simulation Process optimization Process instrumentation and control Food plant sanitation
Stages in plant design Inception Preliminary evaluation of economics and market Development of data necessary for final design Final economic evaluation Detailed engineering design Procurement Erection Startup and trial runs Production
The Food Industry The producers The processors The marketers The consumers
Plant Design Principles Material Flow Sanitary Design Site Location Design for People
Feasibility studies Types, definitions and goals: Technical Economic Viability of a project
Issues in Technical Feasibility Study Raw material requirement Labor requirement Equipment and facility requirement Technology Process flow Facility construction and material suitability Land suitability Climatic consideration Energy and utilities Transportation
Projected expenditures on the design project Capital Recurrent Projected incomes Sales Services Projected profits Time value of money Issues in economic feasibility
Plant economics Asset values Initial value Salvage value Scrap value Present value: book value market value replacement value
Plant economics contd. Types of depreciation: Physical Functional Depletion Purpose of depreciation cost Methods of calculating depreciation: Straight line Declining balance Sum-of-the-year-digit Sinking fund Present worth
Profitability defined Profitability evaluation methods: Rate of return Discounted cash flow Net present worth Capitalized costs Payout period Plant economics contd.