AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM François Soumis & Mirela Stojković AD OPT Research Consultants, GERAD

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Altitude Suite of Products Altitude has developed a suite of crew planning, optimization and management solutions: –Crew Pairing System –Preferential Bidding System (PBS) –Bidline System –Manpower Planning System (MPP) –Vacation Bidding System (VBS)

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand AIRCRAFT RECOVERY PROBLEM PASSENGERS PLANNING DECISIONS PLANNING DECISIONS PERTURBATIONS FLIGHT DELAYS AIRPORT CAPACITY PERTURBATIONS FLIGHT DELAYS AIRPORT CAPACITY FLIGHTS CANCELLATIONS DELAYS AIRCRAFT ASSIGNMENT ROUTING FLIGHTS CANCELLATIONS DELAYS AIRCRAFT ASSIGNMENT ROUTING CREW

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand AIRCRAFT RECOVERY PROBLEM CREWFLIGHTS EXTENDED DUTIES SWAPS CREWFLIGHTS EXTENDED DUTIES SWAPS REROUTING PASSENGERS MINIMIZE DELAYS PRESERVE CONNECTIONS PASSENGERS MINIMIZE DELAYS PRESERVE CONNECTIONS REROUTING PLANNING DECISIONS PLANNING DECISIONS PERTURBATIONS FLIGHT DELAYS AIRPORT CAPACITY PERTURBATIONS FLIGHT DELAYS AIRPORT CAPACITY FLIGHTS CANCELLATIONS DELAYS AIRCRAFT ASSIGNMENT ROUTING FLIGHTS CANCELLATIONS DELAYS AIRCRAFT ASSIGNMENT ROUTING

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand MODULAR SYSTEM INTERACTIVE MODULE (SMALL DISRUPTIONS) Graphical user interface Cost evaluation: aircraft, crew, passengers Network search engine –3 best swap alternatives for each disruption

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand OPTIMIZATION MODULE (MAJOR DISRUPTIONS ) Fix all disruptions simultaneously –Adjust flight schedule: delays, cancellations –Reroute aircraft and crews Minimize aircraft + crew + passenger cost Constraints: –Airport: capacity –Flight: maximal delay, aircraft type –Aircraft: connection time, maintenance –Crew: qualification, duty duration, connection time

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Schedule Thinning Scenarios Thunderstorm at YYZ, 102 involved flights Capacity Reduction Period Stabilization period

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scheduled vs. Reduced Flight Loads Reduction: 27% Flight statistics: Cancelled flights: 0 Delayed flights: 23 Average delay: 39 min Solution time: 47 sec

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Reduction: 45% Flight statistics: Cancelled flights: 0 Delayed flights: 31 Average delay: 51 min Solution time: 45 sec

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scheduled vs. Reduced Flight Loads Reduction: 63% Flight statistics: Cancelled flights: 1 Delayed flights: 39 Average delay: 56 min Solution time: 56 sec

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scheduled vs. Reduced Flight Loads Reduction: 27% in [17:00 17:44], 63% in [17:45 18:29] Flight statistics: Cancelled flights: 0 Delayed flights: 36 Average delay: 37 min Solution time: 51 sec

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scheduled vs. Reduced Flight Loads Reduction: 63% in [17:00 17:44], 27% in [17:45 18:29] Flight statistics: Cancelled flights: 0 Delayed flights: 31 Average delay: 56 min Solution time: 56 sec

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scenario 63_27: Aircraft Statistics Aircraft itineraries: 77 Disrupted aircraft itineraries: 11 Cancelled flights: 0 Situation before reoptimizing aircraft itineraries: –Number of additional flights to be cancelled: 20 Situation after reoptimizing aircraft itineraries (aircraft swaps): –Number of additional flights to be cancelled: 0 –Additionally modified aircraft itineraries: 22

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Aircraft itineraries after the flight schedule modifications

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Aircraft Swaps at YYZ

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand New Aircraft Itineraries

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Related Crew Itineraries 15:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:00 D 0790YYZ 3552YYZ Crew_013 Crew_034 Crew_050 Reference hour Reduction period Stabilization period Crew_bbb: Maximum duty time violation Delayed flight

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Related Crew Itineraries 15:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:00 D 0790YYZ 3552YYZ Crew_013 Crew_034 Crew_050 Reference hour Reduction period Stabilization period Crew_bbb: Maximum duty time violation 0582 YYZ0828Crew_033 Crew_ccc: Short connection YYZ0793Crew_058 Delayed flight

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Related Crew Itineraries 15:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:00 D 0790YYZ 3552YYZ Crew_013 Crew_034 Crew_050 Reference hour Reduction period Stabilization period Crew_bbb: Maximum duty time violation 0582 YYZ0828Crew_033 Crew_ccc: Short connection YYZ0793Crew_058 YYZ 0518 Crew_081 YYZ Crew_087 Crew_eee: Unqualified crew Delayed flight

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scenario 63_27: Impact on Crew Modified aircraft itineraries: 33 out of 77 Crew disruptions: ??? out of 88 Optimization aircraft + crew Only 7 disrupted crews Swaps to settle problem involve only 6 more crews

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Crew Swaps at YYZ Crew_ :0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:00 YYZ D 3634 D 0790 YYZ 3192D 0543YYZ 0175YYZ 3552YYZ 0463D 0175 Crew_005 Crew_007 Crew_013 Crew_029 Crew_030 Crew_034 Crew_050 YYZ Reference hour YULYHZ YWG DEN YOWYWG Reduction period Stabilization period ORD LGA Crew_099 YYZ1126 Crew_bbb: Maximum duty time violation DEN 0582 YYZ0828BOSCrew_033 Crew_ccc: Short connection YYZ0456YOW 0461 YYZ0793Crew_058 YYZ 0518 YQBCrew_081 YYZ YUL Crew_087 Crew_eee: Unqualified crew Crew_aaa: Legal itinerary YOW

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Sample of the planned passenger connections at YYZ 16:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:0001: YUL ORD YUL LGA Reduction period Stabilization period LAX YYC 0759 YEG YQR 3553 YYJ 3878 YWG YOW a Passenger connection a: planned passengers

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Sample of the planned passenger connections at YYZ 16:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0000:0001: YUL ORD YUL LGA Delayed flight Reduction period Stabilization period LAX YYC 0759 YEG YQR 3553 YYJ 3878 YWG YOW 2; 0 5; 0 5; 4 a; b Short connection a: planned passengers b: served passengers

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Scenario 63_27: Passengers Statistics Passengers ScheduledServed Arrivals Departures Total (99%)

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Solution Summary Capacity reduction (%) _6363_27 Cancelled flights00100 Delayed flights Average delay (min) Modified aircraft itineraries Modified crew itineraries CPU (sec)

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand Conclusion OPTIMIZATION MODULE GLOBAL VIEW FIX MANY PERTURBATIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONSIDER AIRCRAFT, CREW, PASSENGERS SOLUTION TIME < 1 MINUTE OPTIMIZATION MODULE GLOBAL VIEW FIX MANY PERTURBATIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONSIDER AIRCRAFT, CREW, PASSENGERS SOLUTION TIME < 1 MINUTE INTERACTIVE MODULE VISUALISATION EVALUATION FINE TUNING INTERACTIVE MODULE VISUALISATION EVALUATION FINE TUNING MAJOR OR MEDIUM DISRUPTIONS NEW PLAN

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM AGIFORS Airline Operations June , 2003 Auckland New Zealand AD OPT Technologies 3535 Queen Mary, Suite 650 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3V 1H AIRCRAFT RECOVERY SYSTEM François Soumis & Mirela Stojković AD OPT Research Consultants, GERAD