SECURITY AND DEFENCE R&D POLICY – PROBLEMS AND ATERNATIVES Prof. D-r Tilcho Ivanov

Content What is S&D R&D Policy and Politics? Starting point and Current status Split of Problems Causes Opportunity frame Thesis Goals and Objectives, Indicators and Effects R&D Policy alternatives Programming Resources

What is S&D R&D Policy and Politics Security and Defence R&D Policy is course of action or prospective program, including goals, and way of their achievement Policy is a product of two basic politics – Security and Defence Politics (S&D) and R&D Politics. It is a result of intersection of their basic political courses. R&D Politics – is a policymaking process, which is closely related to the R&T and Economic and Industrial Policy S&D R&D Policy and Politics are product of national intellect and culture, which are too rigid

Starting Point and Current status Inherited State Centralized R&D Management Underdevelopment and Limited Government R&D Expenditures % GDP (Two times decrease in 1998) Low Innovative Private Defence Companies without government orders, and 7-8 times output decrease State Production and Export Control Decrease in R&T, financed by companies Limited R&D capabilities in Academy and Universities, financed by Government; Product and Technology Gap and Decrease Isolation from Leading R&D and R&T Centers

Split of Problems Not Clear Government R&D and R&T Policy, and Strategy (Goals and Priorities) Not Initiated Government and S&D Sector Programs Lack of Corporate Strategic Vision, R&D Budget and Limited Private Resources Social Constraints for Increase of Resources Lack of Innovative Companies Limited R&D University Capabilities Low salaries, Brain Drain and Shortage of Researchers and Infrastructure Not Efficient Measurement of R&D and R&T Output

Causes Limited not Attractive R&D and R&T Market Not Declared Government and Private Companies S&D R&D Policy Not Efficient Strategy and Priorities, and not Controlled Results Without Coherent Defence Industry Development Process and Structure Options Not Professional R&D and R&T Management Without Implementation of a Strategic Capability Planning Process (SCP) and no Mechanism, through which all R&D are coherent to Capability Development and Security and Defence Sector Transformation

Opportunity frame NATO Science for Peace Program and Concept Development and Experimentation (CDE) NATO Process and Program European Charter for Researchers and a Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers EU R&D (with Security Division) Program, Framework for a European Defence R&T Strategy and European Security Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF) Bilateral Programs in EU Research Space Existing Minimal Basic Capabilities and Administration (National Funds) and Tendency for Slow Increase (Scientific Research Fund have increased from 7.5 mil (2007) to 30 mil (2008), and shifting of Doctoral students salaries from 125 to 225 euro) National Offset Programs and R&D Support NGO R&D Funds and Programs

Thesis The R&D Expenditures are not a Budget Burden, but Productive and Security Factor The Key Principle of New R&D Policy has to be its consistency to the Security and Defence Sector Transformation and Capability Planning Process The R&T Policy has to fallow Government R&D Policy and Market Tendencies The National Security Strategy has to Declare Strategic Goals, Basic R&D Programs, and their Result Indicators Coordinative Body is needed for Prioritization of R&D and R&T activities Export Orientation and Narrow Specialization for not Article 5 Operations Internationalization, Co-operation, and PPP with R&D participation Academia and University Involvement

Package of Programs Basic Security and Defence R&D Program Human Rights and Legislation Subprogram Judiciary Subprogram Defence R&D Subprogram Internal Security Subprogram Intelligence Services Subprogram Emergency R&D Subprogram

Policy Goals and Objectives, Indicators and Effects Joining to European Knowledge Economy, and Research Space New National S&D R&D Legislation, and Deregulation of Scientific Degrees and Ranks Narrow Specialization in the Areas with Relative Productive Advantages Binding the Policy to the Strategic Capability Planning Process (SCPP) Implementation of SCPP and Capability Indicators for not Article 5 Operations Balances Scored Cards for Strategic Control Increase of Gov and Private Resources

S&D R&D Policy Incremental Improvements Legislative Development and R&D Strategy Active Internationalization Diversification of the “Funders” to Public and Private Research Institutions Company Engagement to 2% from GDP for R&D Productive Capability Analysis and Technological Transfers Incentives Academia and University Involvement High Tech Free of Profit Taxation Brain Gain and Yang Researcher Attraction and Recruitment Scientific Network Development R&D Management Concept and Model R&D Scientific Network and Information Base

Resources Increasing the Government R&D to 1.00% from GDP (2010) Government Security and Defence R&D – 0.2% GDP Increase Private R&T to 2% from GDP (?) Increase of Defence Industry R&T to 5% from Output Development of the Security Focused Education into Civil Universities Double Number of S&D Yang Scientist, with Triple Salaries, and Quadruple Results

Thank you! Questions?