Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics. Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism.

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Presentation transcript:

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes

Development of Continental Drift Frank Taylor (1910) Alfred Wegener (1912) Die Entstehung Der Kontinente Und Ozeane

The Permian Ice Age Problem

Wegener’s Theory

Dating the Breakup

Frank Taylor In some respects, Taylor’s ideas were more modern than Wegener’s Taylor always thought Wegener had stolen credit from him

Frank Taylor Recognized role of Mid- Atlantic Ridge Never reconstructed the continents like Wegener did

Confirmation of Continental Drift World War II technology International Geophysical Year (IGY) Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network 1963-

The Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale

Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading

Sea-Floor Spreading

Where Does Ocean Crust Go? Hugo Benioff, 1954

Benioff’s Interpretation

Benioff’s Interpretation Updated

Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network

The Plate Tectonics Model

The Earth’s Plates

Global Plate Motions

What Drives It: Convection

How Plates Move

Reconstructing Plate Movements

Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic

Present Day Atlantic

Atlantic 65 m.y. ago

Geology of Plate Margins

Ophiolites: Oceanic Crust

Anatomy of a Mid-Ocean Ridge

FAMOUS: Close-Up of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge

Magnetic Stripes in the FAMOUS Area

A Subduction Zone

Why Mountains are High

Where the Plates Meet

Terrane Accretion

Terranes in Western North America

Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes

Hot Spots

Hot Spots: Hawaii

Pacific Hot Spot Tracks