Status of COSMIC and Missions of Opportunity Bill Schreiner and CDAAC Team COSMIC Retreat Nov 4, 2010

CDAAC CDAAC NESDISNESDIS GTS NCEP ECMWF CWB UKMO Canada Met. JMA WMO BUFR Files per day with Latency ~ 75-90min Getting COSMIC Results to Weather Centers JCSDA Meteo France COSMIC Operational Processing Science & Archive TACC AFWA Input Data - COSMIC data - Attitude data - GPS ground data - GPS NDM Bits - GFS Forecast - IGS/IGU ORB/CLK - Bernese Config files Research Community SFTP UCAR/Unidata’s LDM WGET RTSs: Alaska Norway McMurdo Wallops Ny-alesund Cordoba AF/Hanscom Providing data to > 1,350 registered users from 56 countries

Successful COSMIC Profiles 4/21/06-11/1/10 Neutral Atmosphere ~ 2.5M Ionosphere EDPs ~ 2.6M

LEO POD and excess phase (<15 cm, <0.15mm/s 3D rms) ~2.6M neutral atmospheric profiles: -Bending angle noise ~1.5 micro-rad -Refractivity precision % between 8-30km > 3M Absolute TEC data arcs: -Absolute accuracy ~ 2-3 TECU (being evaluated) -Relative accuracy ~ TECU at 1-Hz ~2.6M Electron Density Profiles: -NmF2 (F2 layer peak) Accuracy ~20% (compared to Ionosondes) -hmF2 (F2 layer height) Accuracy ~20 km (compared to Ionosondes) Scintillation Indices (S4): -~2.6M available from occultation profile events (altitudes < 120 km) -1 Hz data available from > 3M line of sight tracks to all GPS in view TIP Night-side Radiances: -TIP set new standard for sensitivity of UV instruments, ~500 counts/s/Rayleigh -> 17,800 hours of quality controlled data COSMIC Data Products

Current COSMIC Spacecraft/Payload Status FM1FM2FM3FM4FM5FM6 Space- craft Battery concern - Lost 1 of 2 solar arrays -Average ~50 % duty cycle - Battery concern - Frozen solar array drive - Average ~50% duty cycle - Lost contact Aug 1, 2010 Battery concern Lost contact Sep 26, 2010 Battery concern GOX Payload -POD-01 low SNR -- - OFF - Lost POD-00 POD-00,03 low SNR

GPS RO Firmware Update Status Firmware version improvements tested on FM1 from Oct 1-9, Transition from OL to CL for rising occultations NOT improved -L2C tracking still has problems -½ cycle slip problem fixed -SNRs lower than expected by ½ -No L2C rising occultations of good quality -Tracked deep signals ~ -350 km HSL -Collected 50 Hz L1 C/A amplitude data on reference satellites -Tested RFI snooper (diagnostic SNR information) -Improved logging of OL model information JPL is investigating problems with FM1 running version without new capability Upload to other FMs when JPL provides update

Testing of deep OL tracking (down to HSL=-350km) on FM-1 on Oct.5-6, ) Down to what heights the LT RO signals can be observed and need to be tracked? 2) What other signals (contaminant to RO) are observed? Lower tropospheric RO signal observed down to -300 km. Missing deep signals results in negative inversion bias in BA. Non-RO signal presumably from another (GPS) satellite. Not a significant error source. Unknown non-RO signal (the same 50 Hz modulation as of the RO signal).

GPS RO Firmware Update Status Hopefully version will improve quality and quantity of occultations UCAR recently discovered firmware bug affecting FM6 (tracking very few rising occultations). Fixed with command upload. Reduce POD satellites tracked to increase channels for occultation tracking UCAR and JPL will continue to upload/verify firmware enhancements to keep COSMIC mission productive

GNSS RO Possible Missions of Opportunity (MOOS) (Excluding NASA Decadal Missions)

GNSS RO Possible Missions of Opportunity MissionLaunch- Duration GNSS RO Payload Orbit (alt/inc/ LT)# Occs Per day Operational/Real -Time F7/C22015JPL TriG (GPS,Galileo)800km/72,24°/->8,000Yes METOP-B2012GRAS (GPS)817km/98.7°/09:30LT~600Yes OceanSat-22009ROSA (GPS)720km/98.3°/12:00LT~500No KOMPSAT-52010IGOR+ (GPS)685km/98.5°/06:00LT~500No Megha-TropiquesTBDROSA (GPS)867km/20°/-~500No SAC-DTBDROSA (GPS)657km/98.5°/10:15LT~500No TanDEM-X20IGOR (GPS)514km/97.4°/18:00LT~500No PAZ2012IGOR+ (GPS)510km/97.4°/-~500No EQUARS2012IGOR (GPS)750km/20°/-~500No CNOFS2008BlackJack (GPS)853/405km/13°/-~250Best effort SAC-C2000BlackJack715km/98.5°/10:15LT~200Best effort

Missions of Opportunity SAC-C (Satélite de Aplicaciones Cientificas – C) Argentinian CONAE mission launched Nov km altitude, 98° inclination, 10:15 LT JPL BlackJack, Open Loop, four single patch antenna Near real-time data provided by Germany’s GFZ and CONAE CDAAC providing occultations per day to NOAA ~ 50-60% success from tracked profiles CDAAC working with Tom Meehan and CONAE to -configure GPS receiver to track rising occultations all day (now only UTC) -reduce negative impact of aging oscillator CDAAC still vetting near real-time SAC-C data

Near Real-time SAC-C/COSMIC Global stats SAC-CCOSMIC

Missions of Opportunity C/NOFS CORISS Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) USAF mission launched Apr 16, km X 850km, 13° inclination C/NOFS Occultation Receiver for Ionospheric Sensing and Specification (CORISS) JPL/Aerospace developed, Closed Loop, single patch antenna AF/Hanscom providing near real-time data from AFSCN network CDAAC providing tropical occultations per day (~ 3 COSMIC FMs) to NOAA Profiles truncated below 8 km due to CL tracking limitations Only day-side occultations, UCAR working with Paul Straus to modify occultation tracking to get night-side data Possibility to upload OL firmware, but cpu limited CDAAC still vetting near real-time C/NOFS data

C/NOFS CORISS 20<Lat<30 C/NOFSCOSMIC 8km cutoff

Missions of Opportunity Metop-A/GRAS EUMETSAT mission launched km, 98.7° inclination, 09:30 LT GRAS ( GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding ) Occultation Receiver High gain antenna, USO for zero-differencing UCAR/COSMIC funded by EUMETSAT to investigate Metop/GRAS structural uncertainty with closed loop data. Chris presenting final report now in Darmstadt. UCAR/COSMIC US funding used to develop open loop processing CDAAC has initiated CL/OL post-processing of Metop/GRAS data CDAAC could process near real-time data that is provided by NOAA

Metop/GRAS Study Summary UCAR-EUMETSAT: Orbits estimated at EUMETSAT and UCAR show no significant bias UCAR -EUMETSAT BA’s agree without any bias BA differences consistent with RO-Trends CHAMP comparisons Gaps in GRAS data contribute to structural uncertainty below 10 km GRAS zero difference processing reduces noise in stratospheric BA profiles

Missions of Opportunity TerraSAR-X, German mission, Launch Jun BRE IGOR -GFZ providing NRT ~200 setting profiles to GTS (UCAR assisted GFZ in debugging problem) Tandem-X, German mission, Launch Jun BRE IGOR -Identical orbit as TerraSAR-X, useful for scientific studies OCEANSAT-2, Indian mission, Launch Sept ROSA receiver -Yaw-biased attitude, 35 degrees -Commissioning phase, no data available KOMPSAT-5, Korean mission, IGOR+, Launch 2010? -BRE IGOR+ PAZ, Spanish mission, IGOR+, Launch in Jan IGOR+ -Tom Meehan says firmware must be modified to provide data useful for RO. This effort is not funded