Architectural Lines and Lettering Chapter 5 Architectural Lines and Lettering

Links for Chapter 5 Types of Lines Line Techniques Lines with CADD Lettering

Line Characteristics Each line conveys a particular meaning Thicker lines are more dominant and intended to be seen Thinner lines are subordinate but just as important Lighter lines are used as guides for drawing other features or for lettering properly

Types of Lines Construction lines - Used for drawing layout and drawn lightly Guidelines - Used to properly align letters Object lines - Drawn to define outline and characteristic features Hidden lines - Represents features that are not visible Line

Types of Lines Extension lines - Shows the extent of the dimension Dimension lines - Shows the length of the dimension Leader lines - Used to connect notes to related features Break lines - Drawn freehand to show the termination of a feature

Examples of Lines

Line Techniques Prepare sketches before beginning drawing Do layout with construction lines Make all horizontal lines on drawing first Draw all vertical lines Place symbols on accordingly Add lettering and keep drawing clean

Pencil Line Methods on Vellum All lines should be consistently dark and crisp Use a lead of proper hardness Rotate mechanical pencil and hold at 45° Maintain a constant pressure on the pencil Draw all lines only once or double lines may occur

Inking on Film or Vellum Ink on the matted side Ink is wet until it turns from shiny to dull

Hints for Inking Hold the pen perpendicular Move pen at a constant speed Allow the pen to flow easily Use spacer under the drafting tools Periodically check the pen for leaks Keep reservoir 1/4 to 3/4 full Shake pen lightly to get the ink flowing

Lines with CADD Lines are drawn using the LINE command between two Cartesian coordinate points The Cartesian Coordinate System Grid with one unit blocks The “Y” axis is vertical The “X” axis is horizontal X=0 and Y=0 is the origin

Coordinate Systems Absolute Coordinate System All points are measured from the origin (0,0) Relative Coordinate System Points are located from the previous points Use the @ symbol to add these coordinates @-3,1 - draw line to the left three units and down one unit

Coordinate Systems Polar Coordinate System Points are located from the previous points as a distance and an angle Use the @ symbol to indicate the distance Use the < symbol to indicate the angle @3<45 - draw line three units long at 45°

Picking Points with Cursor GRID show the grid layout on the screen SNAP forces the cursor to “snap” to a designated distance Coordinates are displayed for quick reference in the coordinate display window

Lettering Terms Composition - Spacing, layout, and appearance of the text Justify - Text alignment Font - An assortment of one size and style of lettering or text Style - A set of text characters

General Lettering Tips Be conservative with letters and do not add to much flair to the letters Keep letters consistent Use guidelines Minimum size is 1/8” Titles are 3/16” or 1/4”

More Lettering Tips Rest hand on clean protective sheet Keep vertical lines farther apart than angles or curved lines Relax and be comfortable Slanted letters should be at about 68°

Lettering Equipment Use an Ames Lettering Guide for guidelines Lettering machines can be used to produce drawing titles, labels, or special headings Sticky back letters are produced on a computer and adhered to the drawing

CADD Lettering Text is consistently placed in shape and size Text is easily modified TEXT command is used to specify the text characteristics Scale factor establishes the scale between the drawing and the text Insertion point indicates where the text starts

The End!! Questions???