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Blingo Review Part I

Review #1 List the 4 branches of Earth Science and describe what each studies.

Answer #1 Geology= study of earth Meteorology= study of weather Astronomy= study of all objects in space Oceanography= study of the oceans

Review #2 List the 4 spheres and describe each.

Answer #2 Geosphere= layer that contains core, mantle, crust Hydrosphere= layer that contains water Atmosphere= layer that contains breathable air Biosphere= layer that contains all life

Questions 3 3. What is the difference between physical geology and historical geology?

Answer #3 Physical Geology studies that size, shape, texture, and appearance of rocks and formations on earth Historical Geology= study of the past history of the Earth

Question 4 List three processes that add carbon to the atmosphere.

Answer 4 Combustion of fossil fuels Burning of Forests Respiration from living things Melting of permafrost Volcanic eruptions Weathering

Q5 What type of technology combines the use of satellite information in three dimensions?

A5 Global Position Systems or GPS

Q6 List the three types of rock and describe how each are formed in the rock cycle.

A6 Igneous=cooled magma, extrusive outside, intrusive inside Sedimentary= rock formed from eroded and weathered rock Metamorphic=rock that has been pressurized by heat and pressure

Q7 7. What powers the rock cycle?

A7 Heat from the center of the Earth creates igneous rock and forces it to the surface, heat also pressurizes metamorphic

Q8 8. How are fossils found in sedimentary rock useful?

A8 Index fossils are used because they are only found in certain time periods and are used to date rocks. x_fossils/index.html

Q9 9. What is continental drift? List three pieces of evidence for continental drift.

A9 Continental drift is the slow movement of the continents as they float on the liquid mantle….. EVIDENCE 1. The fossil glosspteris 2. Ice found in Africa 3. The same mountains in Europe and America

Q List the three types of plate boundaries and the landforms or geologic processes that can occur at each.

A10 Divergent: moves apart, mid-ocean ridge, rift zone Convergent: come together, mountains, subduction, explosive volcanoes Transform: sliding, faults, earthquakes

Q Compare and contrast relative and absolute dating.

A11 Relative Dating: Compares relative positions of rocks using three principles: Superposition: Layer on top youngest Crosscutting Principle: Faults or intrusion cutting through rock is youngest Original Horizontality: all rock laid down horizontally at first, -unconformities : Gap in the rock record Radioactive Dating: Uses the percentage of a remaining isotope of carbon 14 or uranium 238 to find the age of rock… scientists must know the half life to do the calculations. Radioactive dating animation rthsystem/carbondating/

Q12 What is uniformitarianism?

A12 What happened in the past happened today… the same processes that made the earth are at work today shaping our planet.

Q13 What is radioactive dating and how is it used?

A13 earthsystem/carbondating/ Radioactive dating animation Radioactive Dating: Uses a percentage of a remaining isotope of carbon 14 or uranium 238 to find the age of rock… scientists must know the half life to do the calculations.

Q14 List the 4 types of fossils and describe them….

A14 Molds and castes(3d preservation) Preserved specimens(hair and skin present) Trace fossils(footprints and markings) Carbon film(black film imprint)

Q15 Age of the Earth? Age of the Universe? Existence of humans? Existance of Animals?

A15 Age of the Earth? 4.6 billion years Age of the Universe? 14 billion years Existence of humans? 2 million years Existance of Animals? 500 million years

Q16 List the main Eras and how long they lasted

Q 23: Describe How scientists measure a star’s brightness A stars brightness is either called its absolute MAGNITUDE or it apparent MAGNITUDE. It is measured on a scale of -10 to is the BRIGHTEST.

A16 Precambrian: 2 bya to 600 mya Paleozoic: 600 mya to 200 mya Mesozoic: 200 mya to 65 mya Cenozoic: 65 mya to present

A17 Compare and Contrast Jovian and Terrestrial Planets

Q17 TerrestrialJovian Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Rocky, dense, smallGases, light, large Few moonsMany moons No ringsEach has rings

Q18 What is the Nebular theory….

A18 The idea that our solar system formed from a disk of gas and dust called a nebula, gaseous planets formed in a cold zone for away from the sun, and rocky planets formed in a hot zone close to the sun.

Q 19 What are the three types of galaxies A 19: Spiral Elliptical Irregular

Q 20: What is Hubble’s Law This law states that the universe is expanding, and at one time must have formed from a large explosion called the “Big Bang”

Q 21: List the three main types of stars and their temperatures Red: cool Yellow: Medium Blue: hottest

Q 22: Distance is measured in space with: Light years 1 light year equals around 6 trillion miles.

Q 24: How are stars organized on the HR diagram Supergiants: Largest stars, often brightest White Dwarfs: Tiny, hot, and dim Main-Sequence Stars: 90% of all stars are Main sequence

Q 25: Describe the life cycle of a star 1. Star Birth: Protostar reaches a temperature hot enough for nuclear fusion to begin 2. Main sequence: 90% of a stars life is contain in this stable stage 3. All stars run out of fuel and collapse 4. Most stars(our Sun) go through a red giant phase when they first run out 0f fuel. 4. The largest stars have such a strong gravitational pull when they collapse that they become BLACK HOLES