Memory The Phenomenon of Memory
5 minute quick write In your notes, list all of the things you would not be able to do if you did not have a properly functioning memory
Desk Golf club Stapler Meatloaf Basketball Cow Tomato Pencil Banana Horse Baseball Paper clip Celery Soccer ball Squirrel Dog
Memory test OOr8ryJUOyQ&safety_mode=true&p ersist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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What is memory? What is memory? Memory persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information
The Structure of Memory Information Processing Model Memory involves Encoding Storage Retrieval A memory is not stored as one object
Information Processing Encoding the processing of information into the memory system Storage the retention of encoded information over time Retrieval process of getting information out of memory
Three types of memory Sensory Memory the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system Short-Term Memory activated memory that holds a few items briefly Long-Term Memory the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Sensory Memory The initial recording of sensory information in the memory system Iconic Memory A fleeting photographic memory Lasts only a few tenths of a second
A Model of Memory External events Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory Sensory input Attention to important or novel information Encoding Retrieving
Memory Encoding: Getting Information In
How We Encode Encoding EffortfulAutomatic
How We Encode Automatic Processing unconscious encoding of incidental information space time frequency well-learned information word meanings we can learn automatic processing reading backwards
How we encode.citamotua emoceb nac gnissecorp luftroffE Effortful processing can become automatic..ecitcarp elttil a sekat tsuj tI It just takes a little practice..siht ta retteb gnitteg era ouy that ees ydaerla nac ouY You can already see that you are getting better at this.
How We Encode Effortful Processing requires attention and conscious effort Rehearsal conscious repetition of information to maintain it in consciousness to encode it for storage
Effortful Processing Studied by Hermann Ebbinghaus Principles of effortful processing The amount remembered depends on the time spent learning Spacing effect Serial position effect
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What We Encode We encode meaning We encode imagery We encode organization
Encoding Meaning Semantic Encoding encoding of meaning including meaning of words Acoustic Encoding encoding of sound especially sound of words Visual Encoding encoding of picture images
Encoding Meaning
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Encoding Imagery Imagery mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding Mnemonics memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Mnemonics Method of Loci Peg word Chunking
Organizing Information Chunking organizing items into familiar, manageable units like horizontal organization (1776) (1492) (1812) (1941) often occurs automatically use of acronyms HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior ARITHMETIC--A Rat In Tom’s House Might Eat Tom’s Ice Cream
Encoding: Chunking Organized information is more easily recalled
Encoding: Hierarchies Hierarchies: complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories Encoding (automatic or effortful) Imagery (visual Encoding) Meaning (semantic Encoding) Organization ChunksHierarchies