Jordan S. Kelsey G. Jena P. Sam P.

A network of glands that secrete hormones, which travel in the bloodstream and affect the functioning of target cells

Work alongside the nervous system Maintaining homeostasis throughout the body through feedback mechanisms

Endocrine Secrete hormones into the internal environment Diffuse into the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on target cells Exocrine Secrete fluids out of the body Ex: Sweat and oils

Most are steroids synthesized from cholesterol Or they are amines, peptides, proteins or glycoproteins produced from amino acids, or non-steroid hormones Stimulate changes in target cells

Cannot dissolve in water but can in lipid Thus allowing them to enter through the target cell membrane Steroid bonds to a receptor and triggers transcription of specific regions of DNA resulting in mRNA Weakly bound to plasma Released in large quantities near their target cells

Usually bind receptors in target cell membranes Activates adenylate cylase Then catalyzes conversion of ATP to cAMP cAMP promotes a series of reactions leading to cellular changes linked with the hormones action These hormones do not penetrate the cell membrane into the nucleus as steroid hormones do

Nervous system works to control secretion within the endocrine system Nerve impulse is transmitted through the neuron Reaches the glandular cells to secrete a hormone into the bloodstream or to stop the hormone Hormone responds to target cells Has no effect on other cells

Endocrine glands are located in: o Brain o Throat o Upper abdominal region o Pelvic Region Secrete hormones internally

Anterior Posterior Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin Located at the base of the brain where the pituitary stalks connect it to the hypothalamus Growth hormone Prolactin Thyroid Stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Follicle stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone

Attached to the pituitary gland by the pituitary stalk In charge of releasing the nerve impulses to the posterior pituitary which then signals the hormone release Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary Thyrotropic releasing hormone Corticotropin releasing hormone

Located just below the larynx on either side and in front of the trachea Thyroxine Triodothyronine Calcitonin

Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine Norepinephrine Adrenal Cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Sex hormones Consists of 2 parts: adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex The adrenal glad is located right above the kidneys

Ovaries Estrogen Progesterone Testes Testosterone 2 Main reproductive organs that secrete important hormones are the ovaries and testes Located in the pelvic region of the body

Digestive juice secreting exocrine gland A hormone secreting endocrine gland located posterior to the stomach and behind the parietal peritoneum Glucagon Insulin

Located deep between the cerebral hemispheres Attaches to the upper portion of the thalamus Melatonin

Usually 4 parathyroid glands Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland Parathyroid hormone(PTH)

Lies in the mediastinum posterior to the sternum and between the lungs Large in young kids but shrinks after puberty and with age Thymosins

A way of controlling hormone secretion An endocrine gland or system controlling it senses the concentration of the hormone the gland secretes, a process the hormone controls, or an action the hormone has on the internal environment

Diabetes: person has high blood glucose Insulin production in inadequate or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both Adrenocortical Carcinoma: rare disease in which malignant(cancer) cells form in the outer layer of the adrenal gland

Growth Disorders body produces too much growth hormone, gigantism or acromegaly can occur Too little growth hormone results a condition called growth hormone deficiency Can cause children to grow more slowly than normal