UNFCCC secretariat, MDA Jean-Francois Halleux, Programme Officer Integrating registry systems Sacramento, California, 25 September 2015.

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Presentation transcript:

UNFCCC secretariat, MDA Jean-Francois Halleux, Programme Officer Integrating registry systems Sacramento, California, 25 September 2015

A registry… for whom ?

Consolidation, network topology, centralized vs decentralized vs distributed Consolidated (100%) Network topology Hub and spoke

Reporting, review and the registry systems 1. Reporting 2. Review 3. Compilation & accounting database (CAD), CDM-IS, JI-IS, … 4. ITL 5. Registries Accounting tables Changes GHG Emissions Limits, parameters Transactions Public information

Reporting, review and the registry systems ITL Registry CDM Registry CAD CDM-IS JI-IS Supplementary transaction log

How to represent units? Do not represent units individually: quantities only As destination address of transactions (  bitcoin) ? As serial numbers / „unit blocks“ Issuer Start End (or Length) Core properties (always part of a tx) Unit type Supp unit type Issued CP Additional properties (not necessarily part of a tx) Applicable CP Project Expiry date Color... Determine ISO ISO :XX Zipcodes IdCards, SSN Centrally defined Business validations Technical validations

Registry Transaction types, purpose, account types and accounts Registry Generic model Transactional needs

The necessity for a transaction log Registry A Registry B Question: How does registry B know that registry A owns the units it wishes to transfer? Possible answers: 1.Because the system is 100% consolidated, and because the design of said system ensures that... Flaw in design/review  Potentially catastrophic failures 2.Because registry A can provide a (mathematical) proof that it owns the units Ongoing research? Very challenging to implement... 3.Because X% of all other registries confirm that registry A owns the units Subject to availability of other registries; introduces delays; can lead to „majority attacks“ 4.Because the notary says so ! Need to trust the notary, introduces a SPOF Resilience + Location transparency + Openness + Scalability + Security + Need to keep in sync ! A A B B C C

Keeping systems synchronized A A 1. Time 2. Records Which records ? Holdings, transactions, limits/levels, account holders,...? Frequency? 24 hrs, other ? What to do when inconcistency is detected? -Provide transactional information -Freeze units involved -Correct (if necessary) -Re-run, unfreeze units if all fine - Time drift - Inconsistency Alert !

Reconciling records – unit blocks IssuerStartEnd BE1100 BE BE300 FR1100 FR Principle 2. Extension a. More groups/filters b. Drill through unit blocks c. Lock inconsistent blocks d. Compare transactional history of inconsistent blocks 3. Hashing & Merkle tree IssuerStartEndCRC-16 BE1100CA89 BE F6E FR11004DFC JP D98 CA89/1 2F6E/1 4DFC/1 5D98/1 A2B4/2 D111/2 A2F9/4

Fragmentation IssuerStartEnd BE1100 IssuerStartEnd BE130 IssuerStartEnd BE31100 Split ! Registry proposes 30 units Counter-measures Prefer „foreign blocks“ Select largest blocks first (greedy, fast) or... Use algorithm for packing blocks into transactions (optimal, slow) Defragment periodically

HTTPS Designing a transaction protocol Registry ITL Registry ITL 60 sec Registry ITL 24 hrs SOAP HTTPS VPN

Some operational figures # of transactions ever proposed: 580,788# units in transactions: 175,597,231,021# units: 70,332,502,949Availability: 99.9% Completion time Inconsistent reconciliation ratio Cancellation & termination ratio

Back to business ! How to add a new „mechanism“ (1) ? ITL Registry Supplementary transaction log Art 3.1 Art 3.3/3.4 Art 6 Art 12 ETS Art 3.1 Art 3.3/3.4 Art 6 Art 12 ETS ? ? ? ? Supplementary transaction log ? ? ? ?

Back to business ! How to add a new „mechanism“ (2) ? 1. Extension of concepts (by subtyping) ITL Registry 2. Transparent routing of generic messages 3. Extending dynamically the content of messages (incl tx) Issuance date Comment1 Comment2 Business tx ref Dynamic properties 4. Carefully phrased requirements „The amount to be taken into account for compliance purposes is the amount of units contained in the retirement account of the Party concerned“. vs „... of AAUs, CERs, ERUs, RMUSs...“ vs „... of Kyoto Protocol units...“

Institutional arrangements COP / CMP Decision making bodies Subsidiary Bodies (SBI / SBSTA) Technical and implementation advice RSA Forum / ITL Administrator Responsible for implementing registry systems Working groups Where the practical work gets done ! Annual report

Functions of the ITL administrator The functions of the ITL administrator are assumed by the UNFCCC secretariat. Activities: a)Support the initialization and go-live of registries b)Develop and maintain the Data Exchange Standards (DES) c)Organize and support the RSA Forum and working groups and facilitate the cooperation between RSAs d)Maintain the ITL software and infrastructure, including: Ensuring the reliability, security and performance of the ITL e)Develop maintain all common operational procedures and support their execution f)Support the intergovernmental negotiation process g)Manage administrative activities (extranet etc.) h)Publish, on an annual basis, the report of the ITL administrator on organizational arrangements, activities and resource requirements

Common operational procedures Incident management Problem management Change management Release management Securing registry systems Secure called authentication SSL certificate renewal procedure Registry off/on line Reconciliation procedure Transaction reversal Independent assessment reporting Contact management Terms of Use... The “contracts“ between RSAs and the ITL administrator: ITL Service Desk ITL Team Ops Support ITL Team Ops Support

Reporting, review and the registry systems 1. Reporting 2. Art 8 Review 3. CAD 4. ITL 5. Registries Accounting information Changes Independent Assessment Reporting

Service Desk Specialized in registry matters 24/7 service World wide support

Project implementation Budget Yearly ITL budget : less than 3M EUR Budget does not include initial investment / re-investments Estimation for initial investment: 4M – 6M EUR Lead times General design requirements: 2 years Initial drafting of the DES: 2 years Common operation procedures: 3 years ITL development: 2 years (started in 2005 and was put in operation in 2007) Release of the ITL: 3 months minimum Connection of a registry to ITL: 3 months minimum 4 years

Thank you ! Questions ? Next steps ?