History of Contrast agents in medical imaging Jalal Jalal Shokouhi-MD Jamejam and kourosh medical imaging centers Behrouz Taheri-MD Arad hospital medical imaging center

Teichmann`s paste a mixture of Ca++ and vermilion and vaseline used in cadavre amputated hand vessels by hadschek and lindenthal, plaster by morton and hammer Thorotrust the first contrast agent used in medicine First classic medical contrast agent,1927

Today is: 99 years after the safe contrast agent in medicine= sulfate barium and 114 years after X-ray discovery by W. C. Rontgen (1895) in Wurzburg, Germany

I am talking about transparent human body transparent human body Today we can see any part, inside of our body by natural contrast, density and artificial contrast agents

Contrast medias had discovered before X-ray discovery = Co2, O2, Air, Nitrogen (as negative contrast agents) Positive contrast agents oral: sulfate barium candidate (1895 sehrwald) GI-Barium studies: 1910 Berlin krause By mid-1920s in Berlin: search for I.V contrast agents

By 1871 a green pharmacist, Ernst christian friedrich schering ( ) founded a company in the north of Berlin 1925: systematic research under the direction of prof. Walter scholler 1930: the first urinary contrast media (uroselectan) is the father of renal contrast media (from anti inflamantory drug for cows and pigs) Quickly, uroselectan changed to uroselectan-B with two iodine atoms

Almost 150 years ago in Berlin Green Pharmacy in 1871

By 1940 biliselection was used as an oral contrast agent for billiary system (O.C.G) By early 1950s di-iodinated pyridine changed to tri-iodinated benzonic acid 1953 urographin is born and amidotriazoates served for angiography By 1954 biligraphin is made accidentaly for billiary system during a research for urographin By non-ionic contrast agents are found (they truly began by amipaque in 1977)

1970 X-ray CT scan invented by sir N.G. Hansfield in England

1985 ultravist developed by schering and isovist a non- ionic, dimeric in 1987 Isovist was special for myelography but you can use ultravist 300 as well as Isovist

Gadolinium DTPA started in 1988 for MRI (magnevist) 1991 echovist-300 is introducted for U.S studies By 1988 first new and non-ionic contrast agents used in defense ministry hospital (omnipaque was the first non-ionic contrast agent used by early 1980 in Loghman hospital)

The basis of today`s water-soluble CM is the triiodinated benzene

By 2005 vasovist innovated for more detail visualization of the vessles (DSA, cardiac angiography, X-ray, CTA) Future: target specific contrast agents, biomolocular imaging contrast medias and for optical mammography with application of fluorescent dye and laser light

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