Towards an ecosystem of data and ontologies Mathieu d’Aquin and Enrico Motta Knowledge Media Institute The Open University

Large scale semantics on the web Traditional research and use of ontologies has been piecemeal: 1. develop ontology 2. annotate data with ontology With the explosion of ontologies and data on the web, the landscape has changed –Thousands of ontologies are now available online, while huge quantities of data are generated all the time. This unprecedented scenario introduces new opportunities for both fundamental and applied research

Experience from using online ontologies NeOn Project Methodological and technological support for networked ontologies –Ontology modularization, ontology design patterns, ontology alignments, ontology reuse, ontology search, ontology visualisation, ontology evolution… Key Infrastructure Component Watson: ontology search engine and API for exploiting available online ontologies. Used in: –knowledge-based ontology matching –query answering, word sense disambiguation –information retrieval, semantic enrichment of folksonomies, semantics-enhanced Web browsing,... Refercences d'Aquin, Motta et al. (2008) Towards a New Generation of Semantic Web Applications, IEEE Intelligent Systems d'Aquin et al. (2009) NeOn Tool Support for Building Ontologies by Reuse, Demo at ICBO 2009 d'Aquin and Motta (2011) Watson, more than a Semantic Web search engine, Semantic Web Journal, 2

New challenges/research directions –Automatically aligning data and ontologies to make sense of both data and ontologies. For example: Enabling automatic evolution of ontologies Tidying up and automatically augment linked data sources –Mapping the landscape of semantics on the web. For example: Automatically identifying relations between ontologies Identifying and comparing different conceptual viewpoints on the same domain –Cf. our work on measuring agreement and disagreement –Understanding usability of ontologies through appropriate emprical studies References d'Aquin, M. (2009) Formally Measuring Agreement and Disagreement in Ontologies, K-CAP 2009 d'Aquin and Motta (2011) Extracting Relevant Questions to an RDF Dataset Using Formal Concept Analysis, K-CAP 2011 Motta et al. (2011) A Novel Approach to Visualizing and Navigating Ontologies, ISWC 2011 d’Aquin et al. (2012) Combining Data Mining and Ontology Engineering to enrich Ontologies and Linked Data, to appear ESWC workshop

Steps forward Need for Web-scale supporting infrastructures for online ontologies –Ontology repositories exist, but small coverage, scope, etc. –Need support for sustainable and accountable publishing of ontologies –Supporting usage monitoring and appropriate re- use, including “find by example” / “find alternatives” Need for empirical investigations of online ontologies –Understanding the practices in knowledge representation, ontology design and ontology engineering through analyzing the large amounts of interconnected ontologies online –Understanding the practices in using ontologies and how data and ontologies interact on the Web References Allocca, d'Aquin and Motta (2009) DOOR: Towards a Formalization of Ontology Relations, KEOD 2009 d'Aquin, Allocca, and Motta (2010) A Platform for Semantic Web Studies, Web Science 2010 d'Aquin and Noy (2011) Where to publish and find ontologies? A survey of ontology libraries, Journal of Web Semantics d'Aquin and Gangemi (2011) Is there beauty in ontologies? Applied Ontology, 6, 3