Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Small-holder forest property, importance and incorporation in Slovenian forest management system dr. Janez Krč, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia dr. Iztok Winkler, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Contents Slovenian Forests Forest management Forest Ownership Connection between small-scale forest owners and their forests Private forest and legislative regulation Financing activity of public interest in private forest Taxation of forest property Forest work in private forests Future expectations for development of private forests

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Structure of potential and present vegetation in Slovenian forests (source: Slovenian Forest Service)

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Forest management plans include: regional forest management plan, regional hunting-breeding plans, plans of forest management units and silvicultural plans.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Size structure of Slovenian private forest estate

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Whole shaped private property 100m

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana 100m Clod shaped private property

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Piece shaped private property 100m

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana 100m Stripe shaped private property

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Forest ownership structure for all ownership type Forest ownership structure in [ha]

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Connection between small-scale forest owners and their forests Properties where forest represent: unimportant source of income supplemental source of income important or prevailing source of income

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana The farm housekeeping is divided into THREE categories: (1) pure farm where all farm members from 15 to 64 years old is dealing with farming (2) mixed farm where at least one family member is employed outside farming and (3) aged farm where all farm members are older than 64 years irrespective on source of their income.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Private forest and legislative regulation After the social changes ( in 1990s) some essential changes concern private forest propery: separation of forest public and business activities, forest owner alone is responsible for forest reproduction Forest owner is in principle independent in dealings with his forest.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Private forest and legislative regulation Public interest is shown through the following legislative regulation: Free access- and movement – possibility in all forests. Free gathering of forest fruits, plants, fungi and apiculture. Hunting and gathering of free-leaving animals in all forests under the condition of the act. Prevention of use which would endanger forest sustainability and its functions. Reduction of harmful influences and other adverse impacts on forests. Forest depletion is banned. Some of the forests are proclaimed as protective forests and special purpose forests. Forest owners are obligated to provide protection and silvicultural measures as defined by the act, including obligatory afforestation after fire, and restoration of damaged forests.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Private forest and legislative regulation Public interest is shown through the following legislative regulation: Clear-cutting is prohibited. Public forest service is budget financed. Activities in order to implement public interest in privately owned forests are partly budget financed. Conditions for the forest work performers are defined. Forest management planing, wildlife management planing, and silviculture planing are obligatory regardless of ownership. Maximum allowable cut according to the forest productive capacity is defined. Forest road planning and construction is defined in accordance with public interest.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Private forest and legislative regulation The following decrees can be issued to the forest owner: The necessary silvicultural measures for the forest regeneration and the tending of seedling stage (young growth). The necessary protection measures. Directions and deadlines for the realization and repetition of individual silvicultural or protection measures. The quality and structure of allowable cut. Guidelines and conditions for timber felling and skidding. Guidelines and conditions for the harvesting of decoration trees and resin.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Financing activity of public interest in private forest

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Taxation of forest property

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Forest work in private forests Forest operations in private forests can be carried out by: forest owners alone, their family members, neighbors, affiliated into Cooperative for Forest Machinery, and forest companies.

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Tractor Cable Crane Gravity Gravity +Tractor Gravity + Cable Unopened Present Wood skidding models

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Future expectations for development of private forests Essential influential factors: New technological framework, Pooling of forest owners Merging of individual properties in a given area Fuel wood Greater importance likewise social and ecological functions of forests

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana Suitable sites for mechanized cutting PRIVATE FORESTS STATE FORESTS

Janez KRČ, University of Ljubljana