IDENTIFYING SNAKE SPECIES INVOLVED IN BITES New Technology, New Options Disclaimer: I am not involved with any of the companies that make products covered.

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Presentation transcript:

IDENTIFYING SNAKE SPECIES INVOLVED IN BITES New Technology, New Options Disclaimer: I am not involved with any of the companies that make products covered in this presentation

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoassay) Inexpensive (relative! c. $275 for 3 reactions) relatively easy to perform fast (< 30 mins) uses stable reagents sensitivity of < 1 ng/ml

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoassay) False positives through low specificity/cross reactivity ESPECIALLY in regions with diverse snake faunas False negatives through upper limit of detectability (c. 1 mg/ml in some spp) first application to snakebite c. 35 years ago Snake venom detection kit (SVDK) issued by CSL, Australia since 1988 is the still the only commercial diagnostic kit Alternative biosensor approach advocated by Selvanayagam & Gopalakrishnakone in Toxicon in 1999.

LABEL-FREE Kinetic profiling of immunotherapeutics Vaccine efficacy testing Drop. Read. Done. Genius! Eg. BLItz TM system

1. Pipette a 4 µL drop of sample into the sample holder.2. Install a biosensor. 3. Select your assay and click GO. Results appear immediately!

Disposable biosensor (can be re-used): c. $4.50/assay Non-denaturing, minimises non-specific binding Exceptional specificity even for crude media Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) Real-time data

DNA diagnostics Is this what it takes?

1. Sample collection, storage and extraction Whatman™ FTA cards: Collect, archive, transport, and purify nucleic acids at room temperature minimal handling, streamlined, efficient workflow for sample collection and analysis. $3-5/sample (30 mins)

2. Biomarker amplification Ready-to-go PCR tubes: just add sample (c. $1.50/sample) Pre-dispensed, room temp stable, reliable and reproducible Custom formats including primers Also available in RT-PCR format for single-step amplification from RNA Still needs a conventional PCR machine (thermal cycler): c. $1700 PCR CYCLER: LavaAmp (prototype) reactions max Powered by 4 x AA batteries or USB cable $300-$500, aiming for $100 Some development problems delaying it? lava-amp.com

3. Vizualisation: FlashGel® System (c. $430, plus c. $10/gel running costs) 5 minute separation and recovery TOTAL COST PER SAMPLE: $15-17 Equipment: c.£2000 (and can be used for other diagnostics as well