Growth, austerity and 2020 targets – the case of renewables support Committee of the Regions Roundtable, April 26th Georg Zachmann
Potential output-enhancing stimulus? Use stimulus spending to increase the potential output of the economy Difficult task: –Find quickly deployable investment –At the same time, do not crowd-out private investment 2
Growth vs. austerity – the stimulus Stimulus largely on consumption (reddish) 3 Tax cuts in % of GDP Spending measures in % of GDP Source: OECD
Growth-friendly austerity? In the short term: Cutting public spending where private sector is likely to overcompensate In the long term: Use the crisis imperative to cut the most distorting tax- breaks and unproductive public expenditures which flourished in good times 4
Growth vs. austerity – the austerity programmes Austerity becomes more revenue centered 5 Greece Original version of IMF/EU Programme (May 2010) 11.1% GDP ( ) 47.8% expenditure 36% revenues 16.2% * structural ref. Reinforced Medium Term Fiscal Strategy (June 2011) 12% GDP ( , on top of what is already implemented) 52.5% expenditure47.5% revenues Property tax on electricity- powered buildings (September 2011) About 1% GDP per year ( ) --100% revenues Portugal IMF/EU EFF Programme (May 2011) 10.6% GDP ( ) 68% expenditure32% revenues Emergency measures due to fiscal slippages (August 2011) 1.1% of GDP (2011) --100% revenues
The case of renewables 6
Why state support for renewables? Emission reduction –Direct: lower emission per Joule –Indirect: lower emission reduction cost (learning) Security of supply –Lower energy import dependency Industrial policy –Local value content –Infant industry Global benefit National benefit
Renewables deployment cost Massive spending on deployment of renewables in recent years => but is this really the right approach for reaching the targets ? 8 Wind Deployment cost in Million USD Solar Deployment cost in Million USD FranceGermanyU.K.SpainFranceGermanyJapanU.S. 1980s s 467, , , s 12,93739,808 11,736 27,940 6, ,944 26,219 17,545
R&D vs. Deployment cost 9 Wind RD&D SUM Total RD&D in Million USD (2010 prices and PPP) Solar RD&D SUM Total RD&D in Million USD (2010 prices and PPP) FranceGermanyU.K.U.S. FranceGermanyJapanU.S. 1980s s s Wind Deployment cost in Million USD Solar Deployment cost in Million USD FranceGermanyU.K.U.S.FranceGermanyJapanU.S. 1980s s s
Drastic cut-back in some renewables support schemes 10 Czech Republic: From 1 January 2011, the FIT for PV systems put into operation between 1 Jan 2009 and 31 Dec 2010 is subject to a tax of 26 %.
But huge fall-out of sudden stop Closure of parts of the supported industry Drop in credibility -> makes future programmes more expensive Credibility is as important for future policy efficiency as credit ratings 11