NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD

Issues for Discussions  Legal Basis for Participation  History of Participation in International Operations  Participation in international Missions 2013  Some Lessons Learned  The way Ahead – Conclusions  Legal Basis for Participation  History of Participation in International Operations  Participation in international Missions 2013  Some Lessons Learned  The way Ahead – Conclusions NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD

10/15/2015Unclassified3 LEGAL BASIS FOR INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD ALBANIAN CONSTITUTION 1999 : “…the Armed Forces ensure the independence of the country, and protect its territorial integrity and constitutional order “; STRATEGIC DEFENCE REVIEW 2013: “ The Military Objective 3 relates to AAF commitment to support regional and international peace and security. AAF shall be prepared to contribute with capabilities for crisis management and peace support missions as well as other non- combat activities, such as training assistance and advisory roles, capacity building within defence and military cooperation programs”. DEFENCE POLICY/ MILITARY STRATEGY 2007: “… the mission of the Armed Forces is the preservation of independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, protection an support of the people in times of peace, crisis and war, and the contribution to peace and security in the region and beyond”. NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY 2004: “Roles and missions of the Armed Forces are defined in compatibility with the in security strategic contexts, the strategic objective of NATO integration and, their increase participation and contribution in international PSO“.

10/15/2015Unclassified4 ALBANIAN OPINION ON PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL OPS NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD POLITICAL WILL : All political parties support international organizations and participation in their operations; POPULAR SUPPORT: There is a strong popular support for integration in international organization and participation in their operations.

QENDRA KOMBËTARE E SIGURISË DHE MBROJTJES - QKSM Albania – The long way for NATO Integration  1992, Albania has publicly declared the political will to join NATO Alliance.  1994, Albania signed the Partnership for Peace Framework Initiative (PfP).  1995, Albania and NATO approved the First Individual Partnership for Peace Program (IPP).  1995, Albania participates in the Planning and Review Process of the PfP Initiative (PARP).  1996, Albania sent for the first time its troops abroad in IFOR Operation in B-H.  1997, Albania participates for the first time in meeting of the of the Euro-Atlantik Partnership Council (EAPC)  1997, Albanian mission in NATO Headquarters in Brussels is open.  1998, NATO PfP Office is opened in Tirana, Albania.  1999, All national facilities are made available for NATO Operations in Kosovo and COMMZW Tirana established.  1999, Albania is accepted as an aspirant country in the Washington Summit.  1999, Albania develops its firs Membership Action Plan (MAP).  2003, A3 Initiative launched and signed with the United Stated for NATO membership in Tirana.  2008, Bucharest Summit gave the NATO membership invitation to Albania.  2009, Albania become full NATO member in the Strasburg-Kehl Summit.  2013, NATO –Albania integration Conference stated Albania is fully integrated in NATO Force Structure

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Military Personnel in International Operations – Albania 10/15/2015Unclassified7 NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD

10/15/20158 IRAK: Iraqi Freedom Total: 1343 Military IRAK: Iraqi Freedom Total: 1343 Military Minursat, ÇAD Total: 189 Military Minursat, ÇAD Total: 189 Military GEORGIA: UNOMIG Total: 39 Military GEORGIA: UNOMIG Total: 39 Military ALTHEA, Bosnia – Herzegovina Total: 1388 Military Present: 6 officers ALTHEA, Bosnia – Herzegovina Total: 1388 Military Present: 6 officers KFOR, Kosovo: Total: 28 Military Present: 10 officers KFOR, Kosovo: Total: 28 Military Present: 10 officers ISAF, AFGANISTAN: Total: 2973 Military Present: 201 military ISAF, AFGANISTAN: Total: 2973 Military Present: 201 military Present: 217 Total: 6248 Legend: Completed operations Ongoing Operations ALBANIA PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONS – FIRST HALF 2013

10/15/20159 ALTHEA, Bosnia – Herzegovina Present: 1 officer ALTHEA, Bosnia – Herzegovina Present: 1 officer KFOR, Kosovo: Present: 10 officers KFOR, Kosovo: Present: 10 officers ISAF, AFGANISTAN: Present: 80 military personnel ISAF, AFGANISTAN: Present: 80 military personnel Total Participation: 91 military personnel Legend: Ongoing Operations ALBANIA PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONS – SECOND HALF 2013

ISAF, Afganistan  ISAF Central HQ and IJC, Kabul: 3 mil pers  Regional Command Center (RC-C), Kabul:  MAT-A Team, (RC-C), Kabul: 12 mil pers  Special Forces Trainers, (Wardak RC-C), Kabul: 5 mil pers  POMLT-A Liaison (A-5), (RC-C), Kabul: 1 mil pers  NTM-A, Liaison (RC-C), Kabul: 3 mil pers  CSTC Liaison, Kabul: 2 mil pers  Regional Command West (RC-W), Herat:  HQ Liaison 3 mil pers  ACCI Command Liaison 1 mil pers  Regional Command South (RC-S), Kandahar: 50 mil pers KFOR, Kosovo  KFOR HQ Liaison 10 mil pers ALTHEA, Bosnia-Hercegovina  HQ STAFF Liaison 1 mil pers ISAF, Afganistan  ISAF Central HQ and IJC, Kabul: 3 mil pers  Regional Command Center (RC-C), Kabul:  MAT-A Team, (RC-C), Kabul: 12 mil pers  Special Forces Trainers, (Wardak RC-C), Kabul: 5 mil pers  POMLT-A Liaison (A-5), (RC-C), Kabul: 1 mil pers  NTM-A, Liaison (RC-C), Kabul: 3 mil pers  CSTC Liaison, Kabul: 2 mil pers  Regional Command West (RC-W), Herat:  HQ Liaison 3 mil pers  ACCI Command Liaison 1 mil pers  Regional Command South (RC-S), Kandahar: 50 mil pers KFOR, Kosovo  KFOR HQ Liaison 10 mil pers ALTHEA, Bosnia-Hercegovina  HQ STAFF Liaison 1 mil pers NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD Contribution of Military Personnel in ISAF MISSION

11 Points of ISAF contribution in the period January – July 2013 Mission/ Participation Number of Personnel Specific Points/ per Unit Total Points Staff Officers131 Troops1071 NTM-A5210 Special Forces Special Forces trainers OMLT/MAT-A (Standard Limit per Team) POMLT1 PU10 Medical Team Total Points NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD

12 CountriesContribution to ISAFPercentage of contribution (0-1%) Albania 211 Persons/ 600 points0.32 % Croatia278 Personnel0.60 % Slovenia79 Personnel0.18 % Estonia153 Personnel0.15 % Bulgaria561 Personnel0.80 % Romania1800 Personnel1.7 % Greece112 Personnel0. 39 % Compared with the size of the population, Albania is among the 10 first NATO countries contributing to ISAF. ISAF Contribution Countries, NATO Sources, January 2013 NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD

10/15/ All Missions Total Personnel Cost in ALL (6 Month) Cost in US $ (6 Month) Credits Total Millions50 Millions600 Points NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD Cost of Albanian Participation in International Operations One 6 month Rotation, Jan – July 2013 Cost of Albanian Participation in International Operations One 6 month Rotation, Jan – July 2013

10/15/ NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD Participation in international operations has been a training school for the Albanian Armed Forces Focus on training, mentoring and advisor teams should be more considered ahead Participation only with military forces; no participation with Civilian capabilities; only a police team Several Caveats at the beginning, limited with guarding missions; later participation of combat forces SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT - ALBANIA High political Level of Ambition associated with a cost of some 25% of the defence budget A Lessons Learned System is institutionalized in AAF at operational level Strategic transport and other support given by other countries especially US, Turkey, Italy, France, etc Bilateral, multilateral and regional units supporting smart defense are a better approach

NATIONAL CENTER ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE – NCSD