Symbiosis

 I can describe symbiosis  I can explain the different kinds of symbiosis  I can name some examples of symbiosis I can statements:

What is symbiosis? the act of living together

What it means:  Two organisms that live together  Temporarily or for a longer time  At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship Symbiosis

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Predation Competition

Mutualism Organism One Organism Two Both organisms benefit

Mutualism Video 

Commensalism Organism One Organism Two One organism benefits and one organism is unaffected

Commensalism Video 

Parasitism Organism One Organism Two One organism benefits and one organism is harmed

Parasitism Video 

Predation Predator Prey One organism kills and consumes another organism for food

Competition Two or more organisms sharing the limited resource

Predation/Competition Video 

Acacia Plant & Ants The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall. What symbiotic relationship is this? parasitism

Anemone & Anemone Fish mutualism This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a sea anemone. Anemone fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat. What symbiotic relationship is this?

Boxer Crab & Anemones This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply. mutualism What symbiotic relationship is this?

Elk  A battle or contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared.  Images from Wikimedia Competition

This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm- like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber commensalism What symbiotic relationship is this?

Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish This moray eel has a small fish cleaning between its teeth. The eel gets a clean mouth while the cleaner fish gets a nice meal. What symbiotic relationship is this? mutualism

Cattle & Cattle Egrets As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects. What symbiotic relationship is this? commensalism

Southern Elephant Seals Male on male combat occurs in many species including serious battles between male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) which use their teeth to gash competitors. Images from Wikimedia Competition

Clown Fish & Anemone This clown fish swims in the anemone and gets protection, since its predators will get stung. The anemone is unaffected. What symbiotic relationship is this? commensalism

Antelope & Ox Bird This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites. What symbiotic relationship is this? mutualism

Tapeworms Tapeworms are flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of an animal’s intestines. They eat their host's partly digested food, leaving the host with a lack of nutrients. What symbiotic relationship is this?

Goby and Alpheid Shrimp What symbiotic relationship is this? mutualism This alpheid shrimp (on the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow

Hawk and Mouse Birds of prey hunt for small rodents, fish and reptiles high above ground. They have very keen eye sight which allows them to see the small prey scampering through the grass or water. Predation