Viruses of Diarrhoea Ziad Elnasser, MD, Ph.D. Viral Gastroenteritis  It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Lesson 7: Viruses.
Advertisements

Reoviruses, Rotaviruses and Caliciviruses Chapter 37.
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES Causes of Over-indulgence in Chemical Long-term antibiotic Viral causes: # Rotavirus # Norwalk.
Dr. Abdulkarim Alhetheel / Dr. Malak Elhazmi Assistant Professor College of Medicine & KKUH VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS.
Reoviruses. reo: respiratory enteric orphan, early recognition that the viruses caused respiratory and enteric infections incorrect belief they were not.
Enterovirus.
1 Foodborne & Waterborne Disease Viruses Suphachai Nuanualsuwan DVM, MPVM, PhD 1. Introduction.
Rotavirus Rota – means wheel-like in greek
Noroviruses an emerging infection
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS. Viruses associated with gastroenteritis Etiologic agents in severe diarrheal illnesses requiring H of infants.
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
RUBELLA aka. The German measles Stephanie Mejia AP bio.
Bianca L. Tristan, PhD Student Walden University PUBH 8165-Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer, 2010 Public Health Department Staff.
Introduction to the Viruses: General properties of viruses: 1-They are very small in size, from  m. 2-They contain one kind of nucleic acid (RNA.
Viral Hepatitis A “Infectious” “Serum” Viral hepatitis Enterically transmitted Parenterally transmitted F, G, ? other E NANB BD C.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF INFLUENZA. Introduction Unique epidemiology: – Seasonal attack rates of 10% to 30% – Global epidemics Influenza viruses.
By: Dr.Malak El-Hazmi Assistant Professor & Consultant Virologist College of Medicine & KKUH.
Diarrhoeal Viruses An Overview. Viral Gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas. Viral gastroenteritis.
Norwalk Virus Agenda Norwalk History How Does Norwalk Virus Work How is the Virus transmitted Signs and Symptoms Norwalk Statistics Therapy / Treatment.
DR. MOHAMMED ARIF ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CONSULTANT VIROLOGIST HEAD OF THE VIROLOGY UNIT Viral gastroenteritis ( Viral diarrhea ).
Gastrointestinal Viruses. Viral Gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas. Viral gastroenteritis.
DR. MOHAMMED ARIF ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CONSULTANT VIROLOGIST HEAD OF THE VIROLOGY UNIT Viral gastroenteritis ( Viral diarrhea ).
Epidemiology of Influenza. The Flu Basics The flu is contagious and can range from mild to deadly Each year between 5% and 20% of the US population contracts.
Influenza of 1918 Danielle Albin Dane van Loon Matthew Litch.
Foodborne & Waterborne
Viruses associated with gastrointestial tract infections Medical Virology Lecture 03/04 Youjun Feng Center for Infection & Immunity, Zhejiang University.
1 Foodborne & Waterborne Disease Viruses Suphachai Nuanualsuwan DVM, MPVM, PhD 3. Hepatitis viruses.
Viruses: Edward Jenner first introduced term “virus” Dmitri Ivanosky in 1890 discovered virus for first time Virus is latin word derived from venom meaning.
11 6/4/2016 Rotaviruses, Reoviruses, Coltiviruses, and Orbiviruses
Hepatitis. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis is caused by several types of viruses as well as drug and chemical toxicity.
Norwalk & Calici Viruses
ENTEROVIRUSES Family: Small, spherical, Icosahedral, Single stranded RNA.
Adenovirus.
Note Sheet 16 - Viruses Swine (H1N1) Flu Viruses.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology. Viral the level of order and follows as thus, with the taxon suffixes classification starts at given in italics:
Rota virus. Introduction Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children. It is a genus of double- stranded RNA.
CORONAVIRUSESCORONAVIRUSES Genus Coronavirus CoV& Genus Torovirus.
paramyxo.ppt Paramyxoviruses paramyxo.ppt.
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS By: Dr.Malak M. El-Hazmi (GI T Block, Microbiology : 2013 )
BRAINSTORM. TRUE or FALSE 1. Viruses may contain DNA RNA Glycoprotein Enzymes Cell wall.
Viruses The Interface Between Living and Nonliving.
REOVIRIDAE: ROTAVIRUSES AND ORBIVIRUSES
Superv. : Dr. Gomaa Abdelrahim Abdullalim By Khaled Al-Duraimeeh Abdullah Al-Sgair Majmaah University Collage of science in Al- Zulfi Medical.
Norovirus Kimberlee Wilson and Kayla Pierson. Norovirus -History  First described as the “winter vomiting disease” in 1929  Virus was first seen by.
Viral Gastroenteritis What that it is ? An inflammation of the stomach and intestines An inflammation of the stomach and intestines commonly found during.
FAMILY CALICIVIRIDAE. Viral Morphology Non-enveloped: nm (+) ss RNA Some cultivable and some no Replication: cytoplasm.
ROTAVIRUS KEVIN ELMORE BIOL 402 POSTER PROJECT PRESENTATION.
VIRAL & FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF GIT Assist Prof Dr. Syed Yousaf Kazmi.
1 Viral Gastroenteritis By : Dr Masoumeh Aslanimehr QUMS Department of Microbiology Dr.M.Aslanimehr.
I Introduction to influenza Department of Health 2016 Vaccination Campaign Training workshop Presentation developed by the National Institute for Communicable.
Introduction Reoviruses are medium-sized viruses with a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome. The family includes human rotaviruses, the most important.
MICROBIOLOGY IRS. Gastroenteritis 1) Major cause of infantile death 2) Feacal-oral transmission 3) Gastroenteritis cause dehydration 4) 50 % of all causes.
GIT- Pathogenic Virus Viral Hepatitis & Gastroenteritis Dr. Yasir A Hussein, MD – Pathology – Microbiology & Medical education
Chapter 13 Rotavirus. Learning outcomes Define retrovirus, cause,symptoms Vaccine available and prevention steps for parent.
ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS
By: DR.Abeer Omran Consultant pediatric infectious disease
VIRAL INFLUENZA.
Water and Food Associated Viruses and Emerging Pathogens of Concern
Norovirus Infection.
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
Influenza Vaccines MedCh 401 Lecture 5 19May06 KL Vadheim Lecture 4.
Diarrhoeal Viruses An Overview.
Viruses Small but deadly!.
The Microscopic menace
ROTAVIRUSES Dr.T.V.Rao MD.
RUBELLA Dr.T.V.Rao MD.
Coronaviruses Co Vs..
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
Gastroenteritis Definition
Presentation transcript:

Viruses of Diarrhoea Ziad Elnasser, MD, Ph.D

Viral Gastroenteritis  It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas.  Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection.  In developing countries, viral gastroenteritis is a major killer of infants who are undernourished. Rotaviruses are responsible for half a million deaths a year.  Many different types of viruses are found in the gut but only some are associated with gastroenteritis

Viruses found in the gut (1) A. Associated with gastroenteritis  Rotaviruses  Adenoviruses  Caliciviruses  Norwalk like viruses or SRSV (Small Round Structured Viruses)  Astroviruses  SRV (Small Round Viruses)  Coronaviruses  Toroviruses

Viruses found in the gut (2) B. Found in the gut, not normally associated with gastroenteritis  Polio  Coxsackie A  Coxsackie B  Echo  Enteroviruses  Hepatitis A  Hepatitis E  Adenoviruses 1-39  Reoviruses C. Found in the gut as opportunistic infection  CMV  HSV  VZV  HIV

Rotavirus Particle

Rotaviruses (1)  Naked double stranded RNA viruses, 80 nm in diameter  also found in other mammals and birds, causing diarrhoea  account for 50-80% of all cases of viral gastroenteritis  usually endemic, but responsible for occasional outbreaks  causes disease in all age groups but most severe symptoms in neonates and young children. Asymptomatic infections common in adults and older children. Symptomatic infections again common in people over 60  up to 30% mortality rate in malnourished children, responsible for up to half a million deaths per year

Rotaviruses (2) u 80% of the population have antibody against rotavirus by the age of 3 u more frequent during the winter u faecal-oral spread. ? respiratory droplets u hr incubation period followed by an abrupt onset of vomiting and diarrhoea, a low grade fever may be present. u diagnosed by electron microscopy or by the detection of rotavirus antigens in faeces by ELISA or other assays. u Live attenuated vaccines now available for use in children

Calicivirus Particles

Caliciviruses  small RNA viruses, characteristic surface morphology consisting of hollows. particles 35 nm in diameter  associated mainly with epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis, although occasionally responsible for endemic cases  like Norwalk type viruses, vomiting is the prominent feature of disease  majority of children have antibodies against caliciviruses by the age of three.  diagnosed by electron microscopy only, often difficult to diagnose because of small size.

Norwalk-like Virus Particles

Norwalk-like Viruses u small RNA viruses, with ragged surface, 35 nm in diameter, now classified as caliciviruses u always associated with epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis, adults more commonly affected than children u associated with consumption of shellfish and other contaminated foods. Aerosol spread possible as well as faecal-oral spread u Also named "winter vomiting disease", with vomiting being the prominent symptom, diarrhoea usually mild u Antibodies acquired later in life, in the US, only 50% of adults are seropositive by the age of 50. u diagnosis is made by electron microscopy and by PCR.

Adenovirus Particle

Enteric Adenoviruses  Naked DNA viruses, 75 nm in diameter.  fastidious enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 are associated with gastroenteritis  associated with cases of endemic gastroenteritis, usually in young children and neonates. Can cause occasional outbreaks.  possibly the second most common viral cause of gastroenteritis (7-15% of all endemic cases)  similar disease to rotaviruses  most people have antibodies against enteric adenoviruses by the age of three  diagnosed by electron microscopy or by the detection of adenovirus antigens in faeces by ELISA or other assays.

Astrovirus Particles

Astroviruses  Small RNA viruses, named because of star-shaped surface morphology, 28 nm in diameter  associated with cases of endemic gastroenteritis, usually in young children and neonates. Can cause occasional outbreaks.  responsible for up to 10% of cases of gastroenteritis  similar disease to rota and adenoviruses  most people have antibodies by the age of three.  diagnosed by electron microscopy only, often very difficult because of small size

Other Possible Diarrhoeal Viruses Coronaviruses  RNA viruses with a crown-like appearance  Not convincing associated with gastroenteritis at present Small Round Viruses  small virus-like particles with a smooth surface, 22-28nm in diameter  may possibly be parvoviruses, enteroviruses, or cubic bacteriophages  occasionally seen in the faeces of endemic or epidemic cases of gastroenteritis