1. 11 6/4/2016 Rotaviruses, Reoviruses, Coltiviruses, and Orbiviruses fackrel@Uwindsor.ca

2. 22 6/4/2016 REO Viruses l Structure l Classification l Multiplication l Clinical manifestations l Epidemiology l Diagnosis l Control Baron’s Web Site Baron’s Web Site

3. 33 6/4/2016 Rota virus: Structure l wheel-shaped particles –double-layered icosahedral capsid enclosing a core particle

4. 44 6/4/2016 Genome l 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, each segment representing one gene.

5. 55 6/4/2016 Rotavirus antigenic specificities l Group –Group A major pathogens in humans and animals –groups B and C found in humans; –not important pathogens l Subgroup l Serotype –neutralization of one (VP7) of the two outer capsid proteins..

6. 66 6/4/2016 Rotavirus Clinical manifestations l enteric disease –diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and fever –mainly infants and young children. l May cause fatal dehydration.

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9. 99 REO virus: Multiplication l Endocytosis –direct membrane penetration if activated by protease l Replicates in the cytoplasm. –Removal of the outer shell of the capsid in lysosomes activates the viral RNA polymerase. l Outer capsid proteins acquired by budding through the endoplasmic reticulum, l Virions are released by cell lysis.

10. 10 6/4/2016 Rotavirus Epidemiology l Group A rotaviruses are ubiquitous and infect most individuals by the third year of life. l Single most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children –30 to 50 % of cases requiring hospitalization or treatment. l In temperate climates, incidence peaks in the winter; in the tropics, the disease occurs year-round

11. 11 6/4/2016 Annual Incidence Viral food borne diseases l Norwalk-like viruses – 23,000,000 l Rotavirus –3,900,000 l Astrovirus – 3,900,000 l Hepatitis A –83,391 l Total Viral food borne 30,883,391 l Total Microbial food borne incidence – 38,629,64 CDC

12. 12 6/4/2016 Rotavirus Diagnosis l Clinical findings are nonspecific l Detect virus in feces (e.g., by immunoassay) l Demonstrate a serum antibody response

13. 13 6/4/2016 Rotavirus: Control l Dehydration is treated by fluid and electrolyte replacement. l Vaccine development is under way and appears promising

14. 14 6/4/2016 DONE!!!