Using Human Component Mapping TO ANALYSE & INTEGRATE HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES & RECORDS WITH RAILWAY HAZARD LOGS 1 Dr. Amanda C. Elliott, Simon Macmull & Harry Blanchard

Workshop outcomes Overall: To present a method for analysing individual railway hazard log entries to assign and map appropriate human components and to relate them to HF project activities. Aims: To gain insight into the benefit and re-use of Human Component Mapping. To work through a case study. To allow time to consider application of this method in your own situations. 2

Workshop plan  Background & the need for a different approach  Introducing Human Components  Introducing Human Factors Records  Worked case study  Discussion, application in other contexts & questions 3

Background TO HUMAN COMPONENT MAPPING 4

Need for a different approach REASON 1. Common Safety Method (CSM): Requires consideration of the whole system in operational use. Focuses thoughts on the Human Factors evidence early on. Traditional technical content is not enough (e.g. the way many implement safety outputs). REASON 2. Lessons learnt: Human Components were essential as key measures of operational testing. Emphasis placed on competence of and confidence in individuals. Complexity for next railway upgrade is even higher, with more suppliers involved. 5

Need for a different approach REASON 3. Emphasis on HF without realising it: Until recently, quantitative outputs were expected for all content. Technical components are generally easier to substantiate with figures. Operational approvals and safety arguments ended up focused more on the non-technical than technical. Accountable Human Factors delivery is new for Denmark railways & there are very few widely recognised techniques for closure of Human Components (e.g. fault trees were a preferred method). 6

The requirements (for a new approach) Robust method Focusing on systematic processes, repeatability, completeness and re-use. Person independent Allowing the technique to be used for all safety cases & for the life of the programme. Consistency and acknowledgement of history Building on, not contradicting the work of the first Railway deliverables and agreements with the NSA. 7

Workshop plan Background & the need for a different approach  Introducing Human Components  Introducing Human Factors Records  Worked case study  Discussion, application in other contexts & questions 8

Introducing HUMAN COMPONENT MAPPING 9

Types of Human Component Five types of Human Component (HC) have been identified Application & Comprehension (A&C) Workload (W/L) Communications (COMMS) Organisation (ORG) Design (DESIGN) Allocation & use of HC’s These can be allocated to each element being assessed (e.g. discrete hazard or specific operational rule). Each element can have multiple instances (or no instances) of each HC (this will become evident as we deliver the Case Study). 10

Types of Human Component User based Application & Comprehension The user’s ability to understand the required actions given a specific situation, with the correct resulting actions performed by the user (use of correct Operational Rules, products & system restrictions, etc.) Workload The operator's capacity to perform the expected actions without impacting in other activities (e.g. increase of workload, overlapping of tasks, impact on making decisions). 11

Types of Human Component Inter-user based Communications The timely, appropriate and correct use of verbal &/or other communication between users. Design The design solution and implementation suitability for the intended railway operation. The product design has the ability to elicit the appropriate, timely response from the user. Organisation The efficiency of the hierarchy &/or organisation required in a specific context (roles, responsibilities & organisation). Product based 12

Workshop plan Background & the need for a different approach Introducing Human Components  Introducing Human Factors Records  Worked case study  Discussion, application in other contexts & questions 13

Introducing HUMAN FACTORS RECORDS 14

Use of HF records Traditionally, a HF “issues log” is used The implication is that something has to be identified as an “issue”. So content has negative connotation, with need to “fix”. HF “records” are different They log positive items, as well as negative issues. They can be structured in a format to suit the purpose. They mirror the direction that the safety discipline is also going in; (from figures showing that focus on whether negative things can happen, to providing evidence of positive prevention). 15

Use of HF records Using Human Components as a structure for HF records allows for: Ease of identification of HF content. A form of completeness review for HF work. A set of prompts to question whether issues exist. A structure by which to group existing evidence without repeating work. A potential format for HF work packages and deliverables. A common language from the start to the end of the programme of works. Potential to build up a quick-use nomenclature. Flexibility to group HF reports in the best format, using cross-referencing to HC’s. 16

Workshop plan Background & the need for a different approach Introducing Human Components Introducing Human Factors Records  Worked case study  Discussion, application in other contexts & questions 17

Case Study 18

Case study steps to follow STEP 1: Set rules & questions for HC’s. STEP 2: Produce context specific pick-lists. STEP 3: Identify HC structure. STEP 4: Allocate HF records using HC structure. STEP 5: Describe hazards in terms of their HC’s. STEP 6: Describe other elements in terms of their HC’s. STEP 7: Validate descriptions. STEP 8: Complete HC mapping. STEP 9: Link HF evidence to HF records. STEP 10: Identify where further evidence & tests are required. 19

Case Study The majority of this session will be a worked example We will work through each of the steps together in a case study. Please ask questions about each step as we go. For generic questions, please make a note & ask them at the end (some may be answered as we complete the Case Study example). Consider the elements of this technique that can be used to provide a more powerful HF presence in your current situation & potential applications of this method. Note anything that may appear to be over looked – this is a new method & we are keen on feedback! 20

Workshop plan Background & the need for a different approach Introducing Human Components Introducing Human Factors Records Worked case study  Discussion, questions & application in other contexts 21

Discussion APPLICATION IN OTHER CONTEXTS & QUESTIONS 22

Discussion Experience from the case study Any thoughts & observations from this session? Application to other situations Where could this be used in full or part in your circumstances? Content not covered here Use with Safety Related Application Conditions (SRACs) Scenario production HF reporting Anything else we appear to have overlooked? Any further questions? 23

Workshop plan Background & the need for a different approach Introducing Human Components Introducing Human Factors Records Worked case study Discussion, application in other contexts & questions 24

Using Human Component Mapping TO ANALYSE & INTEGRATE HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES & RECORDS WITH RAILWAY HAZARD LOGS 25 Thank you for attending