Dead Sea Scrolls. Qumran Virtual Qumran Essene Theory ● A Jewish sect ( with Pharisees & Saducees) ● Lived communally with long initiation times.

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Presentation transcript:

Dead Sea Scrolls

Qumran

Virtual Qumran

Essene Theory ● A Jewish sect ( with Pharisees & Saducees) ● Lived communally with long initiation times ● Communal meals ● Concerned with extreme piety and ritual purity (especially bathing) ● Studied scriptures and probably copied them ● Probably hid scrolls in caves in anticipation of Roman destruction of Qumran in 68 CE

Jar

Cave 4

Cave 4 Interior

Qumran Artifacts

Wooden Comb

Plates

Sandals

Phylactery Cases

Qumran's Water System

The Scriptorium

An Inkwell

Scrolls

Community Rule (3.5”x8.5”) 1CE Parchment

11Q14 Book of War 1 st c. CE

4Q271 Damascus Document (30-1BCE)

Manuscripts Available to Essenes

Part of the Hebrew Alphabet 1. Paleo-Hebrew 2. Hasmonaean ( BCE) 3. Herodian (50 BCE-70 CE) 4. Medieval

11Q1 Paleo-Leviticus (1-50 CE)

4Q179 Nahum Commentary (1 st c. CE)

11Q10 Job Targum in Aramaic (30-50 CE)

Tetragrammaton

11Q5 Psalms (1-50 CE) 7.3”x28”

Closeup of Second “Page” From Right

4Q175 Testimonia (early 1 st c.)

3Q115 Copper Scroll

Papyrus (5/6Hev 46 Bar Kokhba) (134 CE)

Other Manuscripts Scrolls from Dept of Antiquities of Jordan: ● Testamonia-Biblical Excerpts 4Q175 ● Isaiah Pesher(Commentary) 4Q162 Manuscripts from Russian National Library: ● Pentateuch fragments from about 1000 CE ● Nehemiah fragments 994 CE ● Torah Scroll 9 th century Ethiopic Manuscripts ● Two Psalm books of the 17 th and 18 th centuries

St. John's Bible

Virtual Qumran

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