American Imperialism United States History Mr. Terrell

Goal and Purpose 6.01 Examine the factors that led to the United States taking an increasingly active role in world affairs 6.02 Identify the areas of U.S. military, economic, and political involvement and influence 6.03 Describe how policies and actions of the United States impacted other countries

Imperialism The practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining territories for a colonial empire The economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations Great Britain, France, Spain and other European nations had empires Some Americans believed we should do the same (Social Darwinists)

empire A nation that dominates and controls other countries, territories, and colonies. Example: British Empire during the 1700s.

colony A nation that is controlled by a stronger country and exploited for natural resources, labor, and taxes. A new branch of territory settled by citizens of another nation. We used to be the 13 colonies of England.

Military needs The United States needed a strong navy to protect its shores and trading interests The Navy needed bases where ships could refuel and make repairs U.S. wanted foreign territory so they could build the bases in strategic places

Economic interests The industrialists of the United States had the desire to gain overseas markets to sell their products. Industrialists also began to look to Africa, Asia, and Latin America for new sources of raw materials for their factories.

protectorates A country that is controlled by an outside government in return for military protection from invasion and rebellions

Social Darwinists Believed that when nations competed against one another, only the fittest would survive Believed that it was a social responsibility to “civilize” the inhabitants of lesser developed nations

Anglo-Saxonism Belief that English- speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government and therefore were destined to dominate the planet Promoted by Protestant clergyman Josiah Strong

Causes of U.S. Expansionism United States Expansionism Causes -Economic: Desire for new markets and raw materials -Military: Desire for naval bases and coaling stations -Ideological: Desire to bring Christianity, western-style culture, and democracy to other peoples

Foreign industrial competitors British Empire FranceBelgiumGermanyJapan

Captain James Cook British explorer who discovered Hawaii and brought Hawaii to the attention of other nations

Sugar Plantations in Hawaii American planters set up sugarcane plantations in Hawaii American diseases killed many Hawaiians Planters employed workers from Japan and China to work on the sugarcane plantations

Bayonet constitution in Hawaii 1887 King Kalakaua of Hawaii was forced to sign a constitution which severely restricted his power and deprived most Hawaiians of the right to vote Here they go again!

Queen Liliuokalani Queen of the Hawaiian Islands She opposed annexation of Hawaii by the United States, but lost power in a U.S. supported revolt, which led to the installation of a new government in Hawaii as a U.S. territory

Sanford B. Dole American sugar tycoon that became the president of the new Republic of Hawaii

Pineapple Industry James Dole, Sanford Dole’s cousin, began growing pineapples in Hawaii in By the 1930s Dole supplied 90% of the world’s canned pineapple.

Annexation of Hawaii President William McKinley favored annexation of Hawaii Congress narrowly voted to annex Hawaii in 1898 Hawaii became an American territory Hawaii became the 50 th state in 1959 In 1993 Congress apologized for the U.S. role in overthrowing Liliuokalani.

Pan-Americanism The idea that the United States and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade Led to the creation of the Pan-American Union which is today called the Organization of American States

Alfred T. Mahan U.S. Navy Captain 1890 Published the book “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Argued that the U.S. needed a strong, modernized Navy and territory for overseas bases to compete with other powers such as the British and Dutch

Henry Cabot Lodge United States Senator who pushed for the creation of a new modern U.S. Navy

Building a Modern Navy In the 1890s, the United States modernized its fleet of naval warships Constructed steel- hulled ships with steam powered engines as well as sails

U.S.S. Maine One of the U.S. Navy’s first armored battleships and one of the first naval vessels with electrical lighting U.S. Navy took it on a tour of the world to show off our new naval power and persuade Japan not to mess with China.

The Spanish-American War Reading Questions pp What happened to the U.S.S. Maine? Who was blamed for that tragedy? Why was there a rebellion in Cuba? How did yellow journalism influence the U.S. to get involved in Cuba? Which side did the United States support in the Spanish-American War? Where were the two fronts of the war? How prepared was the U.S. Army? What three territories did the United States obtain after the war?