Working Memory Model - Quiz  Prep Work Check: Please have your completed WMM diagrams available for checking.  Starter: Complete the WMM Quiz while we wait for the second bell. How many will you score out of 7…

What do each of these components do? What component is missing from this diagram? Episodic Buffer

Central Executive  The boss of the WMM;  It controls attention and directs information to the slave systems.  It has a limited capacity.

Phonological Loop  Articulatory Control Process  (Inner Voice)  Allows sub vocal repetition of items in the phonological store.  Phonological Store (Inner Ear)  Stores acoustic items (speech based sounds) for short periods of time.  It has a limited capacity.

Visuo-Spatial Scratch Pad  The ‘Inner Eye’ of the WMM;  Stores visual and spatial information;  Manipulates mental images;  It has a limited capacity.

Episodic Buffer Episodic Buffer  It integrates (binds together) information from the LTM and other components.

Evaluation of the Working Memory Model  Strengths:  Dual Task Studies  Patient KF  Weakness:  The Central Executive  Only STM?

Dual Task Studies  Dual-task studies – This is where participants have to perform 2 different tasks at the same time.

Robinson et al. (2014)  You will now complete two short tasks. The tasks need to be completed in silence.  You will have one minute to work on both tasks at the same time… Informed Consent: Raise your hands if I have your consent. Right to Withdraw: You do have the right to withdraw.

Task 1  Try to memorise the following number: , while drawing a picture of a monkey having a shower…(incase you don’t know what that looks like…) You have one minute.

Task 1 - Recall  Now recall the 10 digits, in the correct order…

Task 2  Try to memorise the following number: , while writing the alphabet backwards…Z, Y, X…etc You have one minute.

Task 2 - Recall  Now recall the 10 digits, in the correct order…

The Results… Group Task 1 (Visual) No. of students to correctly recall 10 digit number. Task 2 (Auditory) No. of students to correctly recall 10 digit number. LPSY1 LPSY4 LPSY5 LPSY7 LPSY8 Question: What do these results tell us about memory and the WMM?

Dual task studies  This is where participants perform two tasks at the same time;  If both tasks used the same component (phonological loop) then performance will be poor, where if both tasks uses a different component (phonological loop & visuo-spatial sketchpad) then performance will be improved. Question (Write the answers in your blue books): Explain how dual task studies can be used to support the WMM?

Patient KF…Again Question (Write the answers in your blue books): According to the WMM which store was damaged and which store was intact? How does KF support the WWM?  Patient KF suffered brain injuries following a motorcycle accident.  He could recall stored info so his LTM was intact;  But his STM was affected, he had problems remembering sounds but he was able to remember images and faces.

Weaknesses of the WMM  Although the Central Executive is the most important component, the least is known about it.  The capacity of the Central Executive has never been measured. Furthermore, it isn’t clear how it works or what is does and this vagueness means it can be used to explain any experimental results.  Difficult to falsify the model as you can use the Central Executive to explain any result. Falsify: Being able to show that a theory is wrong (false).

Strengths or Weaknesses  Task: Divide the following information into strengths and weaknesses…  Either colour the boxes (i.e. green for strengths, red for weaknesses) or cut and stick the boxes in your exercise books, under the headings of strengths and weaknesses.

Extremely influential model and most psychologists use it in preference to the Multi-Store Model. WM only concerns itself with STM and is not a comprehensive model of memory. Research support comes from dual-task studies, although such studies are rather artificial. However, patients like KF could remember visual but not verbal stimuli in STM so must be at least two systems in STM. It is a much more plausible model than the MSM because it explains STM in terms of both temporary storage and active processing. Although the Central Executive is the most important component, the least is known about it. The capacity of the Central Executive has never been measured. Furthermore, it isn’t clear how it works or what is does and this vagueness means it can be used to explain any experimental results. WM is supported by Case Studies, such as Patient KF who could remember visual information but not verbal information, suggesting there must be at least two systems in STM. Physiological evidence exists using studies involving brain scans. PET scans have shown that different areas of the brain are used while undertaking verbal and visual tasks. These areas may correspond to components of WM.

Homework  Complete an essay outline, using the sheet provided for the question: ‘Outline and evaluate the working memory model’ (12 marks).  You will NOT be required to write this essay…yet, however it is important you understand the structure and function of the WMM as well as 4 evaluation points, 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses.

N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY1 Obi Tori Desola Shafiat Tade MichellleShamika Philippa Sheyi ChristianaAisha Louise Esther TashaunaCollins Jasmine Carlesha TyeishaChioma Tamera Stefan Sila Zainab Franklin TEACHERS DESK Tomas LPSY1 – New Seating Plan Prep Work Check… You have until the 2 nd bell to ‘revise’ the essay question below. Then you will have 15 minutes to write your essay.

LPSY8 – New Seating Plan Prep Work Check… You have until the 2 nd bell to ‘revise’ the essay question below. Then you will have 15 minutes to write your essay. N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY8 Tina Jakkrit Patrice Megan Chloe MarcelAngel Emmanuel Lauren Jason Aleksandra Baduwah Nicole PatrickCrissania Matthew Ayo D'ArcyAisha Sharhia Loretta Anita Tomi TEACHERS DESK Nelson Candice

LPSY4 – New Seating Plan Prep Work Check… You have until the 2 nd bell to ‘revise’ the essay question below. Then you will have 15 minutes to write your essay. N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY4 Kai Nyshara Christianah Kharice ShamikaJada Azeezat Ayo Criscelia Kienna Perihan Tina Justine Sasha Xanthe Emily DanielaAjoke Folade Demi Sarah Ade Sharon TEACHERS DESK

LPSY7 – New Seating Plan Prep Work Check… You have until the 2 nd bell to ‘revise’ the essay question below. Then you will have 15 minutes to write your essay. N313 - WHITEBOARD - LPSY7 Jade Tanisha Patrick Anthony Shantel Phuong Alpha Priscilla ChanelleElouise Jordan Charlotte Anne-Marie Pheonix Ganiat Alvin JamiliahLilith Julie Desamuel Ayo Sophia TEACHERS DESK