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P Patient or Problem I Intervention or Outcome C Comparison intervention or Exposure O Outcomes QuestionIs hormone replacement therapy effective in preventing heart disease in older women (>60 years <80 years)? PICO Question In older women (aged 60 to 80 years)…… …..is hormone replacement therapy……… …..compared to with standard prevention..… …..more effective in preventing heart disease (AMI, hypertension). Study designs RCT (preferred), cohort, case-control

P Patient or Problem I Intervention or Outcome O Outcomes QuestionWhat is the most effective cholesterol lowering drug for a middle-aged man with a positive familial history of heart attack? PIO Question In middle-aged men (40 to 60 years)…… …..which cholesterol lowering drug ……… …..is more effective in preventing heart attack (AMI). Study designs RCT (preferred), cohort, case-control, case-series

Searching the literature 1.Answerable research question Background information, possible questions 2. Formulate a search strategy What terms are you going to use to search? 3. Use PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE Help tutorials: PubMed Embase

Questions Choose question, work together A friend has recommended that a 67 year old grandmother be put on to hormone replacement therapy to prevent heart disease? A 58 year old male patient has read about the effects of cholesterol on heart attacks and is concerned because his own father died of a heart attack at age 60. He has read that this puts him at increasing risk of having a heart attack himself and he wants to know which cholesterol lowering drug should he take?