The INTEGUMENTARY System Support Systems Unit 2

Vocabulary Word parts cutane/o- skin Subcutaneous (beneath the skin) Dermat/o- skin Dermatologist (one who studies the skin) Trich/o- hair Trichopathy (any disease of the hair) Pil/o- (pil/i-) hair Pilocystic (a cyst containing hair) - plasty surgical repair Dermoplasty ( surgical repair of the skin)

Vocabulary Avascular having no blood flow Metastasis movement from one part of the body to another, used often to describe cancer Melanin causes coloration of skin hair and eye Keratin causes skin to be waterproof PA physician assistant

Functions of the Skin Protection Vitamin D Production Sensory Organ Temperature Regulation Protection against UV Light

Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous

Epidermis Outer layer of skin Avascular - no blood vessels

Dermis Layer of skin under the epidermis Made up of collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers Contains the blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin

Subcutaneous Layer Not part of the true skin Connective tissue that connects the skin to the muscle and organs underneath Also called the hypodermis Contains nerve endings responsible for deep pressure May contain enlarged fat cells in obese individuals

Nails Plates of tightly packed cells of the epidermis Helps to grasp and manipulate small objects

Glands of the Skin Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands) Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)

Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands) Glands secrete sweat - a mixture of: water - salts - amino acids ammonia - urea - uric acid sugar -lactic acid -ascorbic acid Primary function - regulates body temperature by evaporation of water Eliminates some waste products

Sebaceous Glands Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles Secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts Keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle Keeps skin soft and pliable Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

Hair Composed of dead (Keratinized) skin cells Primary function is protection guards the scalp from injury and sunlight eyebrows - eyelashes protect the eye ears and nostrils keep out foreign objects Helps regulate body temperature Touch receptors associated with hair follicles

Hair Structures

Diseases and Disorders Integumentary System

Acne An inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles Much more active at puberty Affects boys more severely than girls Caused by bacteria that colonize in the sebaceous follicles Can be treated with over-the-counter medications or for severe cases, prescription medications

Athletes Foot A common infection caused by the tinea fungus Symptoms include itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between the toes and on the feet It grows best in damp, dark, warm places Treatment includes over-the-counter antifungal creams for most cases and prescription medicines for more serious infections.

Ring Worm Caused by tinea fungus Causes a red skin rash that forms a ring on normal looking skin This is not caused by a worm Common treatment includes over-the-counter antifungal creams

Jock Itch Cause by the tinea fungus Causes an itchy, burning rash in the groin area Common treatment includes over-the-counter- antifungal creams

Skin Cancers Cancerous growths of skin tissue The sun is responsible for over 90% of all skin cancers Three main types of skin cancers Basal Cell Carcinomas Squamous Cell Carcinomas Malignant Melanomas to 16 year old me/ and Steinfeld clips

Basal Cell Carcinoma The most common form of cancer 1 million new cases estimated in the U.S. each year Occurs most frequently on the sun-exposed areas of the body (face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma The second most common form of skin cancer Over 250,000 new cases per year Most cases are caused by chronic overexposure to the sun Tumors apperar most frequently on the sun exposed face, neck, bald scalp, ears, and lips

Melanoma Arises from the melanocytes The least common but most dangerous form of skin cancer In men is most common on the trunk, head, and neck. In women is most common on the lower legs How cancer spreads video

ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer A - Asymmetry B - Border C - Color D - Diameter E – Evolution or Elevation

Careers Dermatologist Medical Photographer Physician Assistant Plastic surgeon

Dermatologist discovery/ dermatology Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair and nails 8 years school + residency + specialization $100,000 - $200,000 Prevention and treatment, surgery, cancer and laser surgery, cosmetic procedures- Botox, liposuction, chemical peeling, cryosurgery, eyelid surgery…… discovery/ dermatology

Medical Photography Biomedical photographers Demonstrate artistic ability and scientific knowledge Textbooks, pamphlets, advertisements, civil/legal procedures, teaching models, surgical procedures, medical progress or autopsy Create prints, charts, graphs… $30,000-50,000 Schooling emphasis on study of photography how to become a medical photographer award winning medical photographer

Physician Assistant Practice medicine under the supervision of a physician/surgeon Diagnose, examine and treat patients, suture, splinting, casting and prescribing medicine $60000-90000 6-8 years school pumping blood into the medical field

Plastic Surgeon Medical specialty that uses surgical / non-surgical techniques to change appearance and function of the body Functionally reconstructive or cosmetic enhancements Burns, traumatic injuries, congenital abnormalities (cleft lip), removal of cancers, mastectomy- reconstructive 8 years school + residency + specialization $90,000 ++++ a year