Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Key Facts Type of work: Novel Genre: Gothic Science Fiction (mystery, horror, & the supernatural) Time and place written · Switzerland, 1816, and London, 1816–1817 during the Romantic Movement (a rejection to the order, calm, and rationalism of the Enlightenment in favor of innovation and emotional expression) Date of first publication · January 1, 1818 Narrator · The primary narrator is Robert Walton, who, in his letters, quotes Victor Frankenstein’s first-person narrative; Victor, in turn, quotes the monster’s first-person narrative; in addition, Elizabeth Lavenza and Alphonse Frankenstein narrate parts of the story through their letters to Victor. Setting (time) · Eighteenth century Setting (place) · Geneva; the Swiss Alps; Ingolstadt; England and Scotland

More key sttuufff… Tone · Gothic, Romantic, emotional, tragic, fatalistic Themes (a.k.a. fundamental, universal ideas) · Dangerous knowledge; sublime nature; texts; secrecy; monstrosity Motifs (a.k.a. recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes) - Passive women; abortion Symbols (a.k.a. objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.) - Fire and light

Characters …

Victor Frankenstein The doomed protagonist and narrator of the main portion of the story. Victor discovers the secret of life and creates an intelligent but grotesque monster, from whom he recoils in horror.

The monster The eight-foot-tall, hideously ugly creation of Victor Frankenstein. Intelligent and sensitive, the monster attempts to integrate himself into human social patterns, but all who see him shun him. :(

RobertWalton The Arctic seafarer whose letters open and close Frankenstein. He records the incredible tale in a series of letters addressed to his sister, Margaret Saville, in England.AlphonseFrankenstein Victor’s father, very sympathetic toward his son. Alphonse consoles Victor in moments of pain and encourages him to remember the importance of family.

William Frankenstein Victor’s youngest brother and the darling of the Frankenstein family. Justine Moritz A young girl adopted into the Frankenstein household while Victor is growing up.

Additional Characters… Beaufort A merchant and friend of Victor’s father. Caroline Beaufort The daughter of Beaufort. M. Waldman The professor of chemistry who sparks Victor’s interest in science. He sympathizes with Victor’s interest in a science that can explain the “big questions,” such as the origin of life.

M. Krempe A professor of natural philosophy at Ingolstadt. He dismisses Victor’s study of the alchemists as wasted time and encourages him to begin his studies anew. Mr. Kirwin Peasants Elizabeth Lavenza An orphan, four to five years younger than Victor, whom the Frankenstein family adopts. Henry Clerval Victor’s boyhood friend, who nurses Victor back to health in Ingolstadt. After working unhappily for his father, Henry begins to follow in Victor’s footsteps as a scientist.

“ Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me?----” Milton’s Paradise Lost