Chapter 5: The Caribbean

Learning Objectives Explain the historical and cultural linkages that define the cultural, economic and political boundaries of this complex region. Examine the role primary commodities and tourism play in the Caribbean economy. Discuss the relationships between the Caribbean and the rest of the Western Hemisphere (i.e., Latin America and the United States) Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Key Concepts Isolated Proximity Rimland Greater and Lesser Antilles Hurricanes Diaspora Circular and Chain Migration Transnationalism Houseyards Creolization Plantation America Mono-crop Production Indentured Labor Maroon Societies Monroe Doctrine Neocolonialism Free Trade Zones Offshore Banking Capital Leakage Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Setting the Boundaries 25 countries and dependent territories Caribbean Islands, Belize (Central America) and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana in South America) Isolated Proximity Contributes to cultural diversity, limited or dependent economic opportunity and transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Caribbean Figure 5.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 5.4 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues (cont’d) Deforestation Rimland Forest and Coastal Management Failed Urban Infrastructure Figure 5.3 – Deforestation in Haiti Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Physical Setting Figure 5.5 Identify the “Rimland” of the Caribbean. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Caribbean Sea Link between islands and mainland Greater Antilles Lesser Antilles Rimland States Figure 5.6 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Climate Figure 5.8 Examine the climographs. What climatic characteristic exhibits seasonality? Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Vegetation Tropical Forests Tropical Savannas Mangrove Swamps Figure 5.9 – El Yunque, Puerto Rico Tropical Forests Tropical Savannas Palm Savannas Mangrove Swamps Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Hurricanes Figure 5.2.1 Figure 5.2.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Population and Settlement Figure 5.10 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Demographic Indicators - Fertility Since 1960s: Fertility Decline Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Caribbean Diaspora Figure 5.12 Emigration Circular Migration Chain Migration Transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Settlement Patterns - Rural Figure 5.13 Shaped by plantation agriculture and subsistence farming Impact of slavery Lesser Antilles: Houseyards Subsistence Matriarchal Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Caribbean Cities Since 1960s Old Havana Since 1960s Rural-to-Urban Migration Colonial influence in urban structure and architecture Similarities to Latin American city structure Figure 5.3.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Caribbean Cultural Diversity Complex Mix of Cultures European African Asian Amerindian Creolization Figure 5.16 Linguistic, Religious & Ethnic Diversity Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Cultural Imprint of Colonialism Plantation America Mono-Crop Production e.g., sugarcane Asian Immigration Indentured Labor South Asian Figure 5.15 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Transatlantic Slave Trade Figure 5.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

African Diaspora – The Maroons Figure 5.5.1 Communities of runaway slaves Survival of African traditions Pressures to modernize Land conflict between Maroons and private/state interests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

African Diaspora - Religion Figure 5.19 What other spatial distribution corresponds with the patterns shown on this map? Answer: Figure 5.17-- destinations of the Transatlantic slave trade Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Creolization Figure 5.21 Blending of African, European and Amerindian cultural elements Language and Music Figure 5.4.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Geopolitical Framework From Colonialism to Neocolonialism Figure 5.23 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

U.S. Presence in the Caribbean Figure 5.24 U.S. Presence in the Caribbean Monroe Doctrine “American Backyard” Puerto Rico Cuba Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Agriculture Historic base Sugar, coffee and bananas Environmental degradation Lack of opportunity to expand Shift away from mono-crop dependence Sugar, coffee and bananas Figure 5.26 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Industrial Development Free Trade Zones (FTZs) Duty free and tax-exempt industrial parks Foreign corporations Attractive location for assembly plants Figure 5.27 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Offshore Banking Tax-exempt and confidential Specialized services Dates to 1920s: the Bahamas The Cayman Islands Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Tourism Figure 5.29 Figure 5.30 – Nassau, the Bahamas Figure 5.31 – Montego Bay, Jamaica Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Tourism Issues in the Caribbean Capital Leakage Gap between gross receipts and total tourist dollars that remain in the region Corporate headquarters outside region Promotes stronger environmental laws and regulation Less destructive than traditional export agriculture Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Social Development Importance of Education Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff