Today’s Topics Chapter 8: Networks Chapter 8: Networks HTML Introduction HTML Introduction

Chapter 8: Networks

Network Fundamentals Network: group of two or more computer systems linked together to exchange data and share resources Network: group of two or more computer systems linked together to exchange data and share resources Local Area Network (LAN): links computers or peripherals within a small geographic area Local Area Network (LAN): links computers or peripherals within a small geographic area Wide Area Network (WAN): links computers within a large area Wide Area Network (WAN): links computers within a large area Workstation or Client: computer that is connected to a network Workstation or Client: computer that is connected to a network Node: workstation or peripheral that is connected to the network Node: workstation or peripheral that is connected to the network Network Interface Card (NIC): expansion board to connect to a network Network Interface Card (NIC): expansion board to connect to a network

Network Fundamentals Router: complex device used to connect two or more LANs or WANs Router: complex device used to connect two or more LANs or WANs File Server: high-capacity, high-speed computer with a large hard disk File Server: high-capacity, high-speed computer with a large hard disk Network Operating System (NOS): software required to run the network Network Operating System (NOS): software required to run the network Network Administrator or Network Engineer: person who installs, maintains, and supports computer networks Network Administrator or Network Engineer: person who installs, maintains, and supports computer networks

Advantages of Networking Reduced Hardware Costs Reduced Hardware Costs Application Sharing Application Sharing Sharing Information Resources Sharing Information Resources Centralized Data Management Centralized Data Management Connecting People Connecting People

Disadvantages of Networking Loss of Autonomy Loss of Autonomy Lack of Privacy Lack of Privacy Security Threats Security Threats Loss of Productivity Loss of Productivity

LANs Peer-To-Peer Network (P2PN): all computers on the network are equal Peer-To-Peer Network (P2PN): all computers on the network are equal Client/Server Network: includes file servers as well as clients Client/Server Network: includes file servers as well as clients LAN Topologies LAN Topologies Bus Topology (Daisy Chain): every workstation is attached to a single bus Bus Topology (Daisy Chain): every workstation is attached to a single bus Contention Management: a technique that specifies what happens when a collision happens Contention Management: a technique that specifies what happens when a collision happens Star Topology: uses a central wiring device (hub) Star Topology: uses a central wiring device (hub) Ring Topology: all nodes are attached in a circular wiring arrangement Ring Topology: all nodes are attached in a circular wiring arrangement

LANs LAN Protocol: Standard that Enable Network- Connected Devices to Communicate with Each Other LAN Protocol: Standard that Enable Network- Connected Devices to Communicate with Each Other Ethernet: most popular networking system for large and small businesses Ethernet: most popular networking system for large and small businesses LocalTalk: Mc computer networking system LocalTalk: Mc computer networking system Wi-Fi: wireless networking system ( Wi-Fi: wireless networking system ( Network Layers: Divided Network Architecture Network Layers: Divided Network Architecture

WANs Point of Presence (POP): WAN network connection point Point of Presence (POP): WAN network connection point Backbone: high-capacity transmission lines that carry WAN traffic Backbone: high-capacity transmission lines that carry WAN traffic Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): Internet protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): Internet protocol IP Address: Internet address, divided into four parts which are separated by periods IP Address: Internet address, divided into four parts which are separated by periods Circuit Switching: sending data over physical end-To-end circuit Circuit Switching: sending data over physical end-To-end circuit Packet Switching: sending data into divided packet Packet Switching: sending data into divided packet