Co-ordination Electrical messenger Chemical messenger.

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Presentation transcript:

Co-ordination Electrical messenger Chemical messenger

Nervous System

Neuron

cytoplasm dendron cell membrane nucleus nucleus of cell which makes the myelin sheath axon direction of nerve impulses

Nerve fiber

Myelin Sheath Protection of nerve fiber Speed up impulse transfer

Rest Potential More + ion outside the nerone 1.Na K pump 2.K channel 3.Big - ions

Action potential

Action potential mechanism Depolarization  Stimulus to threshold  Na channel open  Inside nerone turn +ve. Repolarization  Potential rise inside nerone to max  Na channel close  More k channel open so hyperpolarised  Rest potential established by na k pump.

Na open K open Na close Refractory period

 ending of axon secretes a chemical which diffuses into synapse and stimulates the next neurone to pass on the impulse  the chemical is unstable and will be destroyed later synapse

Synapse

Synapse mechanism Go

Synaptic Cleft Neurotransmitter in vesicle release to cleft. It diffuse to another side and attach on surface receptor. Enzyme next to receptor break down. Transmitter

Brain

dorsal root ganglion dorsal root (sensory nerve) association neurone spinal cord ventral root (motor nerve) motor neurone sensory neurone effector (muscle) receptor (pain) Reflex arc : sensory, association, motor neurones

white matter grey matter central canal spinal cord spinal nerve

Peripheral Nervous System  consist of cranial nerves and spinal nerves  these nerves leave CNS and run out to every part of the body spinal nerve cranial nerve

Spinal Cell

Endocrine System Hormone concept Steroid concept Endocrine organs

Hormone concept Hormone is chemical messenger. It required a fitted receptor. Hormone attaching to receptor calls response.

Hormone concept 2 Hormone required blood vessel to transport to whole body.

Water soluble hormone Water soluble hormone only attach to membrane receptor.

Fat soluble hormone (steroid) Steroid can penetrate cell membrane and bind to internal receptor.

Example of steroids

Feedback mechanism Negative feedback reduce hormone production when effect of hormone expressed

Endocrine and Exocrine Blood vessel Secretary duct

Endocrine organs

Adrenal gland Adrenalin

Photo of adrenal gland

Pancreas Islet of langerhans

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Control of endocrine system Hormone control hormone Nerve control hormone

Anterior and Posterior Pituitary gland AnteriorPosterior

Photo of pituitary gland

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