Karl Marx ( ~ ) Political theorist, sociologist, economist Got doctor’s degree from Jena Univ. in 1841 Became editor of Rheinische Zeitung in 1842

Wrote The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844, showing his strength in writings French Revolution in 1848 showed his social power Writes Das Kapital, analyzing the economics of capitalism His works were intellectual basis of 19C European socialism & 20C communism

What is Marxism?-Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels -A philosophy of economy, human history that includes a vast array of thinking from materialistic interpretation within contemporary historical point of view. -What is the good life for human beings? -Marx first wrote The Communist Manifesto in Thought that capitalism exploited workers and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Also believed that conditions in capitalist countries would eventually join in a Revolution of the Proletariat and overcome the bourgeoisie. According to Marx, he thought communism encourages equality and coorporation, and without property to encourage greed, governments would be unnecessary.

Aspects of different views on different regions - Marxism in … Western, China, Japan, India, etc…,  assumed pre- capitalist countries of Asia were destined to follow the Western capitalist path of development.

Japan, China, India Japan- as the first Asian country where Marxism took place, responded to the social tensions of Meiji modernization, and highly influential in economic and historical scholarship. China -gained its first appeal under the 1917 Belshevik Rev, and May Fourth Movement in India- Marxist ideas spread widely among Indian intellectuals in the wake of WWI. WESTERN MARXISM?

Background Industrial Revolution  workers didn’t treat well –Low wage, harmful condition, heavy workload, even child had to work etc. To get their rights back, workers also requested political representation. –Denied by bourgeois and government

Process Marx believes that socialist takeover required violence, and workers’ and management’s interests were irreconcilable. Revolutions occurred in many parts of Europe, often crushed with bloodshed. –French students and laborers’ revolt on February 22, 1848  Spread to the whole Europe

Forming of workers’ party In 1864, the first communist party was formed as the International Working Men’s Association Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party formed in 1898 brought unity to the disorganized Marist movement in Russia In 1897, General Jewish Workers’ League formed

How Marxism was spread? Proletariat –Ex. Worker’s union Political leaders –Mao Zedong –Stalin –Ho Chi Min –Castro and Che Guevara (Propaganda campaigns) biography-of-mao-zedong.html&usg=__E0nnziIFEbDbgQcfHMi-yc885t8=&h=314&w=300&sz=71&hl=ko&start=0&sig2=yrezOgudwkkYhGeqH46b_A&zoom=1&tbnid= wxd1oCJlrvs7KM:&tbnh=167&tbnw=168&ei=2-mETM6IDIP4swPkzvz2Bw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmao%2Bzedong%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26newwindow%3D1 %26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D640%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=296&vpy=80&dur=1346&hovh=230&hovw=219&tx=103&ty=112&oei= 2-mETM6IDIP4swPkzvz2Bw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0

Where it spread to? Its influence Mainly –Russian radicals (later Soviet Union) Radical ideas, education system –Central Asia –Eastern Europe –China (later N. Korea and Vietnam) –Cuba 1. RUSSIAN RADICALS (later, Soviet Union) 2. Central Asia 3. Easter n Europe 4. China

Modification Cultural Modification Adopt International Capitalism Alliance with a local religion

Primary Question What was so appealing about the Marxism or not appealing that some society would appreciate or depreciate the idea? Why Marxists concentrated on propaganda? What were the potential limits of Marxism? In what countries can we find similar patterns of Mao Zedong’s practices on Marxism?

BIBLIOGRAPHY Horowitz, Maryanne Cline New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Vol. 4. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, Print. Stearns, Peter N. Cultures in Motion: Mapping Key Contacts and Their Imprints in World History. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, Print.