PERSONALIT Y A2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION Psychological Aspects

LEARNING OUTCOMES Aspects of personality Definition of personality Interactionist perspective Personality as a predictor of performance

DEFINITIONS An individual’s predisposition to behave in a certain way. The sum total of an individuals characteristics which make him unique” (Hollander 1971) “Personality is the more or less stable and enduring organisation of a persons character, temperament, intellect and physique which determines the unique adjustment to the environment” (Eysenck) Pg 121 in AQA textbook.

TASK Write 10 honest endings to ‘I am...’ then, when you have finished, share what you have written with someone. 1Do your answers sum up your personality? You will probably have to ask someone else to answer this for you! 2Why do your responses sum up your personality, or, if they don’t, why not?

INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE An explanation of behaviour that assumes that our personality depends on our traits and on the environment. Pg 122 in AQA textbook. Interactionist Theory “Behaviour occurs from the interaction between inherited traits and learned experiences” BEHAVIOUR (B) = FUNCTION (f) OF PERSONALITY (P) × ENVIRONMENT (E) B = f (P.E)

PERFORMANCE PREDICTORS Personality can be used as a predictor of performance. One way of doing this is by using the Talent-identification programme. This is also a way of measuring and predicting types of personality. Talent-identification programme A systematic method of identifying and selecting those who have the ability or qualities to progress further to a higher competitive level.

PERSONALITY TYPES INTROVERT Shy, timid, reserved, aloof, self sufficient EXTROVERT Adventurous, confident, Sociable, Group dependent, enthusiastic TYPE ‘A’ Highly competitive, Strong desire to succeed, Works fast, likes to control, Prone to suffer stress TYPE ‘B’ Non-competitive, Unambitious, Works more slowly, Does not enjoy control Less prone to stress NARROW BAND APPROACH, GIRDANO, 1990 TRAITS

PERSONALITY THEORIES Trait Theory “People are born with established personality characteristics” Inherited at birth. Stable Enduring consistent in all situations. BEHAVIOUR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY +ve = Can be easily measured through questionnaires -ve = Does not take into account environmental influences. It is not a true indicator of behaviour. CATTELL (1965) identified 16 personality traits INTROVERT & EXTROVERT Social Learning Theory (Bandura) “All behaviour is learned through interaction with the environment” BEHAVIOUR = FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT -ve = Does not consider inherited behaviour (traits) Interactionist Theory “Behaviour occurs from the interaction between inherited traits and learned experiences” BEHAVIOUR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY × ENVIRNOMENT

CONCENTRIC RING THEORY (Hollander 1967) The Psychological Core – The ‘real you’ Typical Response – Your usual response in most situations Role Related Behaviour – Surface of personality The boundary line of each layer gets wider as you get closer to the centre of the model which shows that each layer is harder to enter. As you move closer to the centre, your ‘real’ personality begins to surface

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY (Freud 1933) ID Basic Instinct (no conscious control) EGO Conscious link with reality SUPER EGO Moral Arm (social conscience) ****THINK OF AGGRESSION AS AN EXAMPLE!**** ID, EGO & SUPER EGO interact to produce individual patterns of behaviour in sport. Personality is formed from the conflict of SEEKING, RELEASING and INHIBITING behaviour.

EYSENCK’S PERSONALITY TYPES NEUROTIC (UNSTABLE) anxious, moody, unpredictable & illogical EXTROVERT sociable, outgoing & lively STABLE calm, even-tempered, controlled 7 logical INTROVERT unsociable, shy & nervous