Sleep Disorders Basics of Sleep Basics of Sleep  Stages  REM and NREM Sleep

Sleep Disorders Two Major Categories Two Major Categories  Dyssomnias Problems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of Sleep Problems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of Sleep  Parasomnias Abnormal Behavior During Sleep Abnormal Behavior During Sleep

Insomnia Persistent inability to fall or stay asleep Persistent inability to fall or stay asleep Trouble Initiating Sleep Trouble Initiating Sleep Trouble Maintaining Sleep Trouble Maintaining Sleep Have Nonrestorative Sleep Have Nonrestorative Sleep Most Common Sleep Disorder Most Common Sleep Disorder Primary vs. Secondary Primary vs. Secondary

Insomnia Causes? Causes?  Medical Problems  Stress and Trying to Sleep  Unrealistic Views About Sleep  Drug Use and Poor Sleep Hygiene  Use of Sleep Medications  Circadian Rhythm Disruption

Hypersomnia Sleeping Too Much Sleeping Too Much Excessive Sleepiness Excessive Sleepiness Appear to Have Enough Sleep Appear to Have Enough Sleep Person Experiences It as a Problem Person Experiences It as a Problem Little Is Known about Causes Little Is Known about Causes Appears to Run in Families Appears to Run in Families Connection to Depression Connection to Depression

Narcolepsy “Sleep Attack” “Sleep Attack” Excessive Sleepiness & Cataplexy Excessive Sleepiness & Cataplexy Go Right into REM Go Right into REM Triggered by Strong Emotion Triggered by Strong Emotion

Sleep Apnea Repeatedly Stop Breathing While Asleep Repeatedly Stop Breathing While Asleep Evidenced by Snoring and Night Sweats Evidenced by Snoring and Night Sweats Person Often Unaware of Problem Person Often Unaware of Problem Types of Sleep Apnea Types of Sleep Apnea  Obstructive  Central  Mixed

Medical Interventions for Dyssomnias Insomnia Insomnia  Benzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep medications Prolonged use can cause rebound insomnia, dependence Prolonged use can cause rebound insomnia, dependence Best as short-term solution Best as short-term solution Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy  Stimulants (i.e., Ritalin)  Cataplexy is usually treated with antidepressants Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders  May include medications, weight loss, or mechanical devices

Psychological Interventions for Dyssomnias Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments  Modifying Timing of Sleep Phase Advances and Delays Phase Advances and Delays  Improving Sleep Hygiene Bedroom for sleep Bedroom for sleep Regular bedtime routine Regular bedtime routine  Address Beliefs About Sleep  Stress and Relaxation Training

Parasomnias Problem not with sleep, but events during sleep Problem not with sleep, but events during sleep During REM During REM  Nightmare Disorder During NREM During NREM  Sleep Terror Disorder  Somnabulism Nocturnal eating syndrome Nocturnal eating syndrome

Other Sleep Related Problems Hypnagogic Hallucinations Hypnagogic Hallucinations Sleep Paralysis Sleep Paralysis Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Restless Leg Syndrome Restless Leg Syndrome