INL Calcine Disposition Jim Beck Calcine Disposition Clean/Close INTEC

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 2 Calcinated aqueous raffinate from the chemical dissolution and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) Classified as high-level waste by DOE Order Contains RCRA characteristic metals and listed constituents Currently stored in six concrete vaults (Bin Sets or CSSFs*) containing between three to twelve stainless steels bins each Destined for disposal at the geologic repository,Yucca Mountain Dispose “as is” at Yucca Mountain in 15-foot by 2-foot diameter SNF standards canisters High-Level Waste Calcine

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 3 High-Level Waste Calcine (Continued) RCRA hazardous, High Level Waste resulting from dissolution of multiple reactor fuel types for uranium recovery Abrasive, granular oxides ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 mm, (~15% “fines”)

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 4 Regulatory Background Calcine is RCRA regulated; characteristically hazardous and listed Yucca Mountain will not accept RCRA hazardous waste Settlement Agreement requires acceleration of treatment alternative evaluations –Record of Decision for calcine treatment by 2009 –Application for RCRA by 2012 –Calcine ready for shipment by about 2035 –Missed milestone = suspension of DOE SNF shipments into Idaho Project Management Plan (PMP) accelerates schedule to complete shipping by 2035 ICP Request for Proposal (RFP) further accelerates these dates

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 5 Regulatory Background (Continued) Site Treatment Plan –Submit schedule of milestones for permitting, construction and operation by September 30, 2005 High-Level Waste & Facilities Disposition Final EIS –DOE Proposed Action includes: Making calcine suitable for disposal Safe storage of calcine –Excluded alternatives Storage in CSSF for an indefinite period Shipment to Hanford for treatment –State of Idaho preferred alternative - direct vitrification

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 6 Direct Disposal of Calcine High Level Waste Calcine Shipped from Idaho Direct Disposal - PMP Vitrification Clean-up Activity Completion Date Direct Disposal - RFP ACCELERATED DISPOSITION PMP End State = 2035 ROD for calcine treatment path forward by 12/31/09 (SA) RCRA Part B permit application by 12/1/12 (SA) RFP End State = 2022 RCRA Part B permit application by 9/30/09 GFSI – ROD for calcine treatment by 9/30/09 GFSI - Removal of calcine from RCRA regulation BENEFITS No interim storage/vitrification facility Waste volume reduction > 50% compared to direct vitrification Cost Savings: >$6B (treatment), $3-4B (disposal) compared to direct vitrification Safer than vitrification

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 7 Permit Application Project Timeline - RFP (calendar year) Calcine Treatment ROD Submit RCRA Part B permit application RCRA permit approved Incorporate prelim design in RCRA permit application Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Final Design Construction Ops Develop & Test Alt Treatment Regulatory Activity Critical Path RFP Milestone GFSI Milestone Schedule EPA Pre- Petition Meeting (Fed Baseline) Calcine removed from RCRA regulation EPA Pre-Petition Meeting Calcine removed from RCRA regulation Optimistic Realistic Settlement Agreement Milestone RCRA Initiative – Alt Treatment 6 month lag to obtain EPA commitment Send RCRA Petition to DOE/HQ (Fed Baseline) EPA Pre-Petition Meeting (Fed Baseline) DOE Decision: EPA approval expected? Project Initiation MNS CD-0 CD-2,3A CD-3 CD-4 Critical Decision 2012 RCRA Petition – Direct Disposal RCRA Incorporate final design into permit application CD-1

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 8 Treatment Options TREATMENT CATEGORIES Vitrification Direct Chemical Separations Alternate Treatment Multiple Possibilities -Grout -stabilizers -Ceramics -Hot Isostatic Press -Etc. Direct Disposal Calcine in a can

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 9 Treatment Options (Continued) Vitrification Baseline previous to PMP RCRA LDR required best demonstrated available technology –Direct vitrification -12,000 high-level waste canisters -$7B EM life cycle cost -Chemical separations with vitrification -650 high-level waste canisters -$10B EM life cycle cost RCRA delisting required – minimum 3 years (based on Hanford delisting of 200 area waste)

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 10 Treatment Options (Continued) Alternate Treatment PMP back-up Performance requirements unknown Technology development – multiple possibilities; costs not well defined Unknown waste volume Still requires removal from RCRA regulation

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 11 Treatment Options (Continued) Direct Disposal PMP direction Safe to ship and dispose without further treatment $1.3 B EM life cycle cost ~ 4,400 high-level waste canisters EPA Rulemaking based on demonstration of no-migration of RCRA hazardous contaminants

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 12 Key Issues Highest project risk - dual RCRA-NRC regulation Highest technical risk - retrieval and characterization Integrating with YMP licensing and shipping schedules Stakeholder concerns

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 13 Retrieval Uncertainties –Physical characteristics Angle of repose, flow properties, and propensity for “rat-holing” Caking, fusing, abnormal clumping Surface friction (adherence to bin walls and supports) –Bin set access Number of access points Additional access points Access size 2007 demonstration AEA Technologies testing- Mooresville, North Carolina

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 14 AEAT Testing

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 15 Characterization Inventory development/maintenance –D-cell calcine sampling and analysis CSSF II (1978 sampling event) Analysis completed during February 2004 –Historical Processing Model (HPM) Project’s central repository for calcine inventory data Feed data from calcination campaigns Other modeling input –ORIGEN –HSC (thermodynamic)

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 16 Characterization (Continued) Waste Acceptance –Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) modeling FEIS Version –Initial TSPA screening and sensitivity analysis of chemical and radionuclide constituents completed in 2003 –Deterministic modeling of radionuclide constituents completed – concentrations well below levels of concern at point of compliance –Stochastic modeling of RCRA metals completed – chemical concentrations well below levels of concern at point of compliance

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 17 Canister Development Cost Comparison Completed –Comparison of three canister designs 2’ x 10’, 2’ x 15’, and 5.5’ x 17.5’ “Super Canister” –Cost savings associated with “Super Canister” Canisters/casks required Surface facility handling at Yucca Mountain Less (1/2 mile) tunnel space required

Idaho Completion Project Bechtel BWXT Idaho 18 Summary Highest project risk - dual RCRA-NRC regulation –Regulatory strategy/approach determined via DOE-HQ and U.S. EPA interface and input –Alternative treatment options to vitrification should direct disposal be determined “no go” Highest technical risk - retrieval and characterization –Retrieval studies and testing in progress –Calcine inventory characterization evolving Further modeling (HSC, etc.) 2007 demonstration –Development of Alternate Treatment Process Risk compounded with accelerated schedule Regulatory strategy and technical approach may change with new ICP contractor