Classifying Chemical Reactions (Section 8-3) Following this section you should be able to: 1.Identify a reaction type from a chemical equation. 2.Predict the products of a chemical reaction when given the reactants. 3.Use the Activity Series to determine whether or not a displacement reaction will occur as written. 4.Use Solubility Rules to identify the solid precipitate produced in a precipitation type double-displacement reaction.

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Decomposition AB  A + B only one reactanttwo or more simpler products CuCO 3 (s)  CuO + CO 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (l)  2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) Synthesis AKA: Combination A + B  AB two elements or two simple compoundsone product 2 Mg (s) + O 2 (g)  2 MgO (s) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 CO 3 (aq) Combustion C x H 2y + (2x+y) O 2  xCO 2 + yH 2 O oxygen gas plus a hydrocarbon (a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen; may also contain oxygen) CO 2 + H 2 O 2C 4 H O 2  8CO H 2 O Decomposition AB  A + B only one reactant two or more simpler products CuCO 3 (s)  CuO + CO 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (l)  2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Decomposition AB  A + B only one reactanttwo or more simpler products CuCO 3 (s)  CuO + CO 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (l)  2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) Synthesis AKA: Combination A + B  AB two elements or two simple compoundsone product 2 Mg (s) + O 2 (g)  2 MgO (s) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 CO 3 (aq) Combustion C x H 2y + (2x+y) O 2  xCO 2 + yH 2 O oxygen gas plus a hydrocarbon (a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen; may also contain oxygen) CO 2 + H 2 O 2C 4 H O 2  8CO H 2 O Synthesis AKA: Combination A + B  AB two elements or two simple compounds one product 2 Mg (s) + O 2 (g)  2 MgO (s) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 CO 3 (aq)

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Decomposition AB  A + B only one reactanttwo or more simpler products CuCO 3 (s)  CuO + CO 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (l)  2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) Synthesis AKA: Combination A + B  AB two elements or two simple compoundsone product 2 Mg (s) + O 2 (g)  2 MgO (s) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 CO 3 (aq) Combustion C x H 2y + (2x+y) O 2  xCO 2 + yH 2 O oxygen gas plus a hydrocarbon (a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen; may also contain oxygen) CO 2 + H 2 O 2C 4 H O 2  8CO H 2 O C x H 2y + (2x+y) O 2  xCO 2 + yH 2 O 2C 4 H O 2  8CO H 2 O oxygen gas plus a hydrocarbon (a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen; may also contain oxygen) Combustion CO 2 + H 2 O

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Displacement AKA: Single Displacement Single Replacement Cation Displacement: A + BX  AX + B Anion Displacement: AX + Y  AY + X an element and a compound other than a hydrocarbon Like displaces like:  a metal displaces the metal ion in a compound  a nonmetal displaces the nonmetal ion in a compound Refer to Activity Series! Cation Displacement: Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  2Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Anion Displacement: Cl 2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  2 NaCl (aq) + Br 2 (l) Double Displacement: Precipitation AB + CD  CB + AD two ionic compounds in aqueous solution The cations ‘switch partners’ and one of the new combinations forms an insoluble salt (precipitate). Refer to Solubility Rules! Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI 2 (s) + 2 KNO 3 (aq) Double Displacement: Acid/Base HA + MOH  HOH + MA an acid (formula begins with H-, or ends in – COOH) combines with a base (a metal hydroxide) water + a salt HCl + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCl (aq) CH 3 COOH + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCH 3 COO Cation Displacement: Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  2Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Anion Displacement: Cl 2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  2 NaCl (aq) + Br 2 (l) Displacement AKA: Single Displacement Single Replacement Cation Displacement: A + BX  AX + B Anion Displacement: AX + Y  AY + X an element and a compound other than a hydrocarbon Like displaces like: a metal displaces the metal ion in a compound a nonmetal displaces the nonmetal ion in a compound Refer to Activity Series!

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Displacement AKA: Single Displacement Single Replacement Cation Displacement: A + BX  AX + B Anion Displacement: AX + Y  AY + X an element and a compound other than a hydrocarbon Like displaces like:  a metal displaces the metal ion in a compound  a nonmetal displaces the nonmetal ion in a compound Refer to Activity Series! Cation Displacement: Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  2Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Anion Displacement: Cl 2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  2 NaCl (aq) + Br 2 (l) Double Displacement: Precipitation AB + CD  CB + AD two ionic compounds in aqueous solution The cations ‘switch partners’ and one of the new combinations forms an insoluble salt (precipitate). Refer to Solubility Rules! Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI 2 (s) + 2 KNO 3 (aq) Double Displacement: Acid/Base HA + MOH  HOH + MA an acid (formula begins with H-, or ends in – COOH) combines with a base (a metal hydroxide) water + a salt HCl + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCl (aq) CH 3 COOH + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCH 3 COO The cations ‘switch partners’ and one of the new combinations forms an insoluble salt (precipitate). Refer to Solubility Rules! two ionic compounds in aqueous solution AB + CD  CB + AD Double Displacement: Precipitation Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI 2 (s) + 2 KNO 3 (aq)

Reaction Type General Format Characteristics of Reactants Characteristics of Products Example (s) Displacement AKA: Single Displacement Single Replacement Cation Displacement: A + BX  AX + B Anion Displacement: AX + Y  AY + X an element and a compound other than a hydrocarbon Like displaces like:  a metal displaces the metal ion in a compound  a nonmetal displaces the nonmetal ion in a compound Refer to Activity Series! Cation Displacement: Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  2Ag(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Anion Displacement: Cl 2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  2 NaCl (aq) + Br 2 (l) Double Displacement: Precipitation AB + CD  CB + AD two ionic compounds in aqueous solution The cations ‘switch partners’ and one of the new combinations forms an insoluble salt (precipitate). Refer to Solubility Rules! Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI 2 (s) + 2 KNO 3 (aq) Double Displacement: Acid/Base HA + MOH  HOH + MA an acid (formula begins with H-, or ends in – COOH) combines with a base (a metal hydroxide) water + a salt HCl + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCl (aq) CH 3 COOH + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCH 3 COO HA + MOH  HOH + MA HCl + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCl (aq) CH 3 COOH + NaOH  HOH (l) + NaCH 3 COO an acid (formula begins with H-, or ends in –COOH) combines with a base (a metal hydroxide) Double Displacement: Acid/Base water + a salt