KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12 th edition Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State University Revised by Hamilton & Weimar KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12 th edition Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State University Revised by Hamilton & Weimar Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Name, locate, & describe the structure & ligamentous reinforcements of the pelvic girdle and hip joints. 2. Name & demonstrate movements possible. 3. Name & locate muscles & muscle groups, and name their primary actions. 4. Analyze the fundamental movements with respect to joint & muscle actions. 5. Describe common athletic injuries.

7-3  Pelvic bones  Illium  Ischium  Pubis  Sacrum Fig 7.1

7-4 Fig 7.4 NeutralPosterior Tilt Anterior Tilt

7-5 Fig 7.5 Right Lateral Tilt Right Rotation

7-6  Anterior tilt  Hip flexors & lumbosacral spinal extensors.  Posterior tilt  Hip extensors & lumbosacral spinal flexors.  Lateral Tilt to Right  Left lateral lumbosacral flexors, right hip abductors, & left hip adductors.  Rotation to Right  Left lumbosacral rotators, left hip external rotators, & right hip internal rotators.

7-7  Link between the trunk and lower extremities.  Must cooperate with motion, yet contribute to stability.  Primary movements of pelvis are initiated in the pelvis itself.  Secondary movements are associated with motion of trunk or thighs.

7-8 Pelvis Anterior tilt Posterior tilt Lateral tilt left Rotation left Spinal Joints Hyperextension Slight flexion Slight lateral flexion right Rotation right Hip Joints Slight flexion Complete extension R: Slight adduction L: Slight abduction R: Slight external rotation L: slight internal rotation * Don’t forget that rotation and lateral tilt can also occur to the right!

7-9 Spine Flexion Hyperextension Lateral flexion left Rotation left Pelvis Posterior tilt Anterior tilt Lateral tilt left Rotation left

7-10  Ball-and-socket joint.  Articulation of spherical head of femur with deep cup-shaped acetabulum.  Head of femur covered with hyaline cartilage, except fovea capitis.  Femoral neck at 126°- 131° angle w/shaft.  Femoral neck has slight anteversion. Fig 7.8 Femoral neck Neck- shaft Angle

7-11  Acetabulum is lined with hyaline cartilage.  Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) adds depth to joint and cushions femoral head.  Acetabular notch at junction of three pelvic bones. Fig 7.9

7-12  Transverse acetabular ligament  A strong flat band.  Bridges acetabular notch & completes acetabular ring. Fig 7.9

7-13  Teres femoris ligament  Ties head of femur to lower part of acetabulum.  Provides reinforcement from within. Fig 7.10

7-14  Iliofemoral ligament  Extraordinarily strong band.  Checks extension & rotation.  Pubofemoral ligament  Prevents excessive abduction. Fig 7.11

7-15  Ischiofemoral ligament  Strong triangular ligament.  Limits rotation & adduction in the flexed position. Fig 7.12

7-16 Fig 7.13a&b

7-17 Fig 7.13c&d

7-18 Anterior Iliopsoas Pectineus Rectus femoris Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Posterior Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus maximus Six deep outward rotators Hamstrings

7-19 Medial Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Lateral Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus

7-20 Iliopsoas  Psoas minor & major, & iliacus Function:  Strong hip flexor. Pectineus Function:  Flexes femur at hip.  Assists in adduction. Fig 7.14

7-21 Rectus Femoris Function:  Flexes femur at hip.  Assists adduction. Sartorius Function:  Flexes femur at hip.  Abducts & externally rotates. Tensor Fasciae Latae Function:  Flexes & abducts femur.  Tenses fascia latae. Fig 7.15

7-22 Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Function:  Extend hip Fig 7.16

7-23 Gluteus Maximus Function:  Powerful hip extensor against resistance.  Lower portion assists in adduction.  Upper portion abducts against strong resistance. Six Deep Outward Rotators Function:  External rotation. Fig 7.19

7-24 Adductor brevis Function:  Adducts & aids in flexion. Adductor Longus Function:  Adducts & flexes. Fig 7.21

7-25 Adductor Magnus Function:  Adducts  Extends hip.  Lower portion assists internal rotation. Gracilis Function:  Adducts & flexes. Fig 7.21

7-26 Gluteus Medius Function:  Abducts  Anterior fibers internally rotate. Gluteus Minimus Function:  Internal rotation & abduction. Fig 7.22

7-27  Flexion: tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, & sartorius.  Extension: Hamstring muscles.  Abduction: Gluteus medius & minimus.  Adduction: adductor longus is primary, adductor magnus & brevis, and gracilis.  Lateral Rotation: Six deep outward rotators, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus.  Medial Rotation: gluteus medius & minimus.

7-28 Contusions  Results from a direct blow.  Pinches muscle between bone and external force.  Blow to Iliac crest - “hip pointer”.  Myositis ossificans may result.

7-29 Myositis Ossifican  Calcification following repeated traumas or serious contusions.  Improper treatment of contusions. Hamstring Strains  Muscular imbalance, fatigue, sudden change in direction or speed.  Occurs at myotendinous junctions.

7-30 Hip Fracture  Usually fractures of femoral neck.  Often caused by impact or falls.  Hip replacement often the only option.