사회변동 : 발전과 세계의 불평등 Social Change: Development and Global Inequality

Chapter Outline  Internal Sources of Social Change  Change and Cultural Lag 문화지체  External Sources of Change  The Rise of the West  Marx on Capitalism

Chapter Outline  The Protestant Ethic  The State Theory of Modernization  Dependency and World System Theory  Dimensions of Global Inequality  Globalization

Internal Sources Of Social Change  Innovations - People have new ideas and change how they do something.  Conflicts - Change is produced by conflicts among groups within societies. (ex: civil rights movement)  Growth - Larger populations present new problems that demand new modes of social organization.

Innovations that Cause Social Change  New technology - The response to the technology causes change.  New Culture - Beliefs and values can produce dramatic social change.  New Social Structures -Because roles are a basic social structure, changes in roles and the creation of new roles often cause other social changes.

External Sources Of Change  Diffusion – Innovations are often imported from other societies.  Conflict - Threats from other societies frequently are sources of social change.  Ecological sources of change – concerns about natural resources and polluting the environment have caused many recent changes in the U.S.

The Rise of the West: Theories  Marxist Theory - believed the industrial revolution occurred because people began to work harder as a result of the inducements of capitalism.  Protestant ethic - according to Weber, doctrines holding that economic success reflects god’s grace.

The Rise of the West: Theories  State theory - wherever the power of the state to seize private property is curtailed, free markets will appear, capitalism will develop, and modernization will occur.  World system theory –nations become modernized by exploiting other nations.

Capitalism  Economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and a system by which people compete to gain profits.  Prices and wages are set by supply and demand.  Capitalist economies motivate everyone to try to become wealthier.

Precapitalist Command Economies  Some people decide what work is to be done and command others to do it.  Weakness: those doing the work have nothing to gain by doing it well.  Goal: Everyone tries to consume what they can before someone else takes it away from them.

Three Elements of Globalization 1. Rapid global communications - capacity to move information, people and things from anywhere to anywhere. 2. Creation of a global economy wherein economic activities anywhere in the world are felt everywhere. 3. The Global Village - A uniform world culture will emerge.