SAFETY OF TRAFFIC COMPARED TO OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FINLAND Otto Kärki and Kirsi Pajunen Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

Acknowledgements to Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) for commissioning the project

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen3 Definitions used Railway traffic includes train traffic, shunting and traffic following from railway work (e.g. maintenance) Train traffic includes traffic by person and freight trains

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen4 Methods used Risk measure: Fatalities/100 million person-hours Risk measure in traffic: Fatalities/100 million person-kilometres Why fatalities as the risk measure? Definition of an injured person vary considerably Fatalities covered nearly 100 per cent in statistics

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen5 Definitions of injury Rail traffic Seriously injured person: as a consequence sick leave for at least 14 days Road traffic Injured person: a person who has not died but has injuries that need medical care or monitoring at the hospital, care at home (sick leave) or operative care e.g. stitches; if only bruises or scratches and no medical treatment, no injury Work Serious injury: as a consequence sick leave for at least a month

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen6 Safety of traffic compared to other human activities

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen7 Risk comparison Fatality risk in traffic 13 times that of work Fatality risk in train traffic 5 times that of work Fatality risk at home (awake) 1.5 times that of work Fatality risk at leisure outside home 10 times that of work

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen8 Comparison of safety between traffic modes in Finland

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen9 Fatality risk of different traffic modes in Finland and in EU

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen10 Fatality risk in train traffic Fatalities / 100 million person km Passengers and personnel 0.14 Includes one derailment with 10 fatalities Other fatalities (trespassers, level crossings, no suicides) 0.46 Total Passengers and personnel 0.11 No major accidents Other fatalities 0.72 Total 0.84

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen11 Safety in working life

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen12 Fatality risks caused to other transport modes on public roads

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen13 Fatality risks according to gender

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen14 Fatality risks according to gender Fatality risk for males 1.6 times that of females in road traffic Fatality risk for males more than double in leisure compared to risk for females

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen15 Lost life time in road traffic accidents per time spent in traffic

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen16 Lost life time in road traffic accidents per kilometres travelled

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen17 Conclusions Safety of traffic and work increased, safety of leisure decreased slightly Fatality risk in traffic still higher compared to work and leisure Fatality risk of train traffic clearly lower than in road traffic

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen18 Conclusions (continued) Fatality risks for males much higher compared to females at leisure and in traffic Elderly people and novice drivers constitute high- risk groups in traffic

VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT Kirsi Pajunen19 Thank you for your attention! Nothing can stop automation