+ Food Additives Unit 6

+ Food Additives Food Additives are substances that become part of a food product when they are added during the processing or making of that particular food. Also known as artificial flavors or colors.

+ Direct Food Additives Direct food additives are often added during processing to: Add nutrients Help process or prepare food Keep the produce fresh Make the food more appealing

+ Direct Food Additives Direct food additives can be man-made or natural. Natural food additives include: Herbs or spices to add flavor to foods. Vinegar or pickled foods. Salt, to preserve meat.

+ Indirect Food Additives Indirect food additives are substances that may be found in food during or after it is processed. These additives are not used or placed in the food on purpose. These additives are usually found in small amounts in the final product.

+ Functions of Food Additives There are 5 functions of food additives: 1. Give the food a smooth and consistent texture. 2. Improve or preserve the nutrient value. 3. Maintain the wholesomeness of the foods. 4. Control the acid-base balance of foods and provide leavening. 5. Provide color and enhance flavor.

+ Most common concerns about food additives have to do with man-made ingredients that are added to foods.

+ Examples of Additives Antibiotics given to food-producing animals. Antioxidants in oily or fatty foods. Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. Benzoic acid in fruit juices. Gelatins, corn starch, waxes, gum and propylene glycol in food stabilizers and emulsifiers. Dyes and color substances. Monosodium glutamate (MSG). Nitrates and nitrites in hot dogs and other processed meats. Sulfates in beer, wine and packaged vegetables.

+ Food Additives to Avoid

+ Artificial Sweeteners Aspartame, also known as NutraSweet and Equal, is found in foods labeled “diet” or “sugar free.” Aspartame is a neurotoxin and carcinogen. Found in: diet or sugar free sodas, diet coke, jello, dessert sugar free gum, drink mixes, baking goods, table top sweeteners, cereal, breath mints, toothpaste and more.

+ High Fructose Corn Syrup High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a highly refined artificial sweetener which has become the number one source of calories in America. HFCS is found in almost all processed foods. It increases your LDL or “bad” cholesterol levels and contributes to the development of diabetes and tissue damage. Found in: most processed foods, breads, candy, flavored yogurts, salad dressings, canned vegetables, cereal and more.

+ Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) MSG is an amino acid used as a flavor enhancer. Studies show that regular consumption of MSG may result in adverse side effects which include depression, eye damage, disorientation, fatigue, headaches and obesity. Found in: Chinese food, many snacks, chips, cookies, seasonings, most Campbell Soup products, frozen dinners, lunch meats and more.

+ Trans Fat Trans fat is used to enhance and extend the shelf life of food products and is among the most dangerous foods one can consume. Studies show that trans fat increases LDL cholesterol, increases risk of heart attacks, heart disease and strokes, and contributes to increased inflammation, diabetes and other health problems. Found in: margarine, chips and crackers, baked goods, fast foods, and more.

+ Common Food Dyes Studies show that artificial coloring that are found in soda, fruit juices and salad dressings, may contribute to behavioral problems in children and lead to significant reduction in IQ. Animal studies have linked other food colorings to cancer.

+ Common Food Dyes Blue #1 and Blue #2 (E133)—found in candy, cereal, soft drinks, sports drinks and pet foods. Red dye #40 (E124)—fruit cocktail, maraschino cherries, cherry pie mix, ice cream, candy, bakery products and more. Yellow #6 (E110) and Yellow Tartrazine (E102)— American cheese, macaroni and cheese, candy, carbonated beverages, lemonade and more.

+ Sodium Sulfate (E221) Preservative used in wine making and other processed foods. Individuals who are sulfate sensitive may experience headaches, breathing problems, and rashes. Found in: wine and dried fruit.

+ Sodium Nitrate/Sodium Nitrite Used in preserving, coloring and flavoring of bacon, ham, hot dogs, luncheon meats, corned beef, smoked fish and other processed meats. It is highly carcinogenic and it harmful to the pancreas and liver. Turns meats bright red. Found in: processed meats

+ BHA and BHT (E320) Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydrozytoluene (BHT) are preservatives that keep foods from changing color, flavor or becoming rancid. Effects the neurological system of the brain, alters behavior and has potential to cause cancer. Found in: potato chips, gum, cereal, frozen sausages, enriched rice, lard, shortening, candy, jello and more.

+ Sulfur Dioxide (E220) Sulfur additives are toxic and in the USA, the FDA has prohibited their use on raw fruits and vegetables. Adverse reactions include bronchial problems, hypotension (low blood pressure), flushing tingling sensations or anaphylactic shock. Found in: beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, cordials, wine, vinegar, and potato products.

+ Potassium Bromate An additive used to increase volume in white flour, breads, and rolls. Potassium bromate has been known to cause cancer in animals. Found in: breads